PURPOSE To clarify whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in retinal cell death, using cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5, a rat ganglion cell line transformed with E1A virus), and transgenic mice ER stress-activated indicator (ERAI) mice carrying a human XBP1 and venus a variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene. METHODS RGC-5 damage was induced by tunicamycin...

Proteinase A and proteinase B, two vacuolar enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are synthesized as larger precursors with apparent molecular weights of approximately 52,000 and 42,000, respectively. These precursor molecules are processed to their mature forms of 42,000 molecular weight for proteinase A and 33,000 molecular weight for proteinase B. In the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor ...

Production of immuno and biologically active erythropoietin was documented to occur in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG-2. The expression of the erythropoietin gene was further verified by Northern blot analysis using a single stranded RNA probe. In vitro studies showed that erythropoietin production by these cells was not stimulated by hypoxia or cobalt chloride, but was related to the ...

In this study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle investigate changes in tenderness effects on apoptosis autophagy during 5 days ageing. TM-induced ER reduced shear force, enhanced myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), disrupted structure, increased desmin degradation, activated...

The ascopore wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to contain more protein, polymeric glucosamine, and beta-glucan than the vegetative cell wall, which was enriched in mannoprotein relative to ascospore walls. Tunicamycin inhibited sporulation, as judged by the absence of refractile ascospores visible by phase-contrast microscopy, but cells completed meiosis, as demonstrated by the presenc...

Amplification of the mraY gene, previously called open reading frame Y (ORF-Y, 1,080 bp), at 2 min in the chromosome map of Escherichia coli enhanced the activity of UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide: undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide transferase (EC 2.7.8.13). This enzyme catalyzes the formation of undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide from UDP-N-...