BACKGROUND/AIM Considerable improvement has been made in football field surfaces and types of shoe, yet relatively few epidemiological studies have investigated their roles in the risk of football injuries. This study examined the effects of field surface, surface condition and shoe type on the likelihood of lower extremity football injuries. METHODS Deidentified data from 188 players from on...

A main concern with artificial turfs is the increased incidences of skin abrasions compared to playing on natural grass. The proliferation of these surfaces draws attention to the skinfriendliness and related test methods of the products. This study focuses on the yarn component and explores the significance of tribopairs in identifying the skin-friendly property of hydrophilically-modified pol...

Turf algae are becoming more abundant on coral reefs worldwide, but their effects on other benthic organisms remain poorly described. To describe the general characteristics of competitive interactions between corals and turf algae, we determined the occurrence and outcomes of coral-turf algal interactions among different coral growth forms (branching, upright, massive, encrusting, plating, and...

Evaluating ‘Champion’ Bermudagrass in the Field with Various Rates of Nitrogen, Trinexapac-ethyl (Primo), and a Granular Thatch Reducer (Thatch-X) Golf course putting green grasses normally receive stresses from increased traffic, low heights of cut, high potentials to pests due to weakened resistance, and frequent removal of clippings by losing viable food sources. Additionally, in the transit...

Turf algae are multispecies communities of small marine macrophytes that are becoming a dominant component of coral reef communities around the world. To assess the impact of turf algae on corals, we investigated the effects of increased nutrients (eutrophication) on the interaction between the Caribbean coral Montastraea annularis and turf algae at their growth boundary. We also assessed wheth...

BACKGROUND Numerous injuries have been attributed to playing on artificial turf. More recently, FieldTurf was developed to duplicate the playing characteristics of natural grass. No long-term studies have been conducted comparing game-related collegiate football injuries between the 2 playing surfaces. HYPOTHESIS Collegiate athletes do not experience any difference in the incidence, mechanism...