The Turkmen horse is one of the oldest and purest breeds in the world. There is no information with regards to the normal echocardiographic parameters of this horse regarding to cardiac diseases. Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography was performed on 42 clinically normal 3- to 15-year-old racing Turkmen horses. There were 26 stallions and 16 mares. The left ventricular isovolumetric contrac...

An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out among the most well-known Turkmen indigenous herbal practitioners in northeast of Golestan Province (Maraveh Tappeh), north of Iran, in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of local plants used by the rural Turkmen people to prevent or treat illnesses. Nineteen local practitioners of Turkmen traditional medicine, ages 55 to 65, were intervie...

Turkic languages – modern Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar etc. – form one of the largest language group and these languages are very close in morphological and syntactic levels. These languages have rich morphological structures (it is possible to form very large number of word-forms from a given stem by adding the rich set of simple and compound suffixes) and as a r...

Sound patterns of vowel harmony reduce articulatory effort which facilitates speech production with increased speech rate and accuracy. We argue that back harmony patterns reduce articulatory effort compared to height harmony and non-harmony patterns and harmony patterns formed from front unrounded (FU) vowels reduce articulatory effort compared to those of front rounded (FR)vowels. We report o...

How similar original text in the Turkmen translation of toponyms, monuments, historical place and period novel Pirimkul Kadirov “Starry nights” (“Yulduzli tunlar”), achievement deficiency describing names places, methods transcription which was appeared while are analyzed this article. Furthermore, it is given free definition extra geographic facts translating places toponyms using transliterat...