Pathfinding of growing neurites depends on turning of the growth cone in response to extracellular cues. Motile filopodia of the growth cone are known to be critical for mediating contact-dependent guidance of the growth cone. However, whether filopodia also play an essential role in growth cone turning response induced by a diffusible chemotropic substance is unclear. Growth cones of cultured ...

Dating business cycles entails ascertaining economy-wide turning points. Broadly speaking, there are two approaches in the literature. The first approach, which dates to Burns and Mitchell (1946), is to identify turning points individually in a large number of series, then to look for a common date that could be called an aggregate turning point. The second approach, which has been the focus of...

Dating business cycles entails ascertaining economy-wide turning points. Broadly speaking, there are two approaches in the literature. The first approach, which dates to Burns and Mitchell (1946), is to identify turning points individually in a large number of series, then to look for a common date that could be called an aggregate turning point. The second approach, which has been the focus of...

Background: Diamond turning is widely used in machining metals and semiconductors but the turning marks are incurred on machined components due to the mechanics of the technology. The marks are generally harmful to the systems comprising of the machined components. Therefore, the capability of ion beam planarization (IBP) to reduce turning marks of diamond turned metal surfaces was investigated...

1. INTRODUCTION The machining of hardened steel components with PcBN inserts having a geometrically defined cutting edge has gained substantially in importance due to improvements in the performance of such modern cutting tool materials. Hard turning is increasingly a profitable alternative to finish grinding. The objective is to remove workpiece material in a single cut rather than a lengthy g...

Spontaneous swimming behaviors of koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi were recorded using a video tracking system. Routine single-beat turns were selected from the recorded image sequences for kinematic and hydrodynamic analysis. As with C-starts, the turns can be divided into two stages (stage 1 and stage 2), based on kinematics. Stage 1 involves a bend to one side forming a C-shaped curve in the bod...