INTRODUCTION The biological efficiency of traditional systems of beef production is low due to the low reproductive rate and the high proportion of total energy which is required for maintenance of the breeding herd. Dickerson (1978) estimated that 56% of the total feed energy intake for adult and market cattle is required solely for body maintenance (the non-productive energy requirement rises...

The enanti-opure title compound, C(4)H(10)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, forms a two-dimensional network by inter-molecular hydrogen bonding parallel to (010). Non-merohedral twinning with a twofold rotation about the reciprocal c* axis as twin operation was taken into account during intensity integration and structure refinement. This twinning leads to alternative orientations of the stacked hydrogen-...

It is difficult but not impossible to determine a macromolecular structure using X-ray data obtained from twinned crystals, providing it is noticed and corrected. For perfectly twinned crystals, the structure can probably only be solved by molecular replacement. It is possible to detect and characterize twinning from an analysis of the intensity statistics and crystal packing density. Tables of...

Mechanical Dauphiné twinning in quartz has been of long-standing interest, both in single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. This study investigates texture development in fine-grained quartz rock novaculite with no initial texture using compression experiments conducted in the Paterson gas apparatus to explore the influence of stress and temperature. Texture patterns are measured with ti...

Crack-tip behaviour in metals is among the most basic problems in mechanics of materials. Yet, long-standing experimental evidence suggests that crack-tip twinning in face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) metals is highly dependent on the material, temperature and loading rate, and previous simulations and models predict twinning in aluminium, where it has never been observed. Here, this discrepancy betw...

The strength-ductility trade-off has been a long-standing dilemma in materials science. This has limited the potential of many structural materials, steels in particular. Here we report a way of enhancing the strength of twinning-induced plasticity steel at no ductility trade-off. After applying torsion to cylindrical twinning-induced plasticity steel samples to generate a gradient nanotwinned ...

Combinations of high strength and ductility are hard to attain in metals. Exceptions include materials exhibiting twinning-induced plasticity. To understand how the strength-ductility trade-off can be defeated, we apply in situ, and aberration-corrected scanning, transmission electron microscopy to examine deformation mechanisms in the medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi that exhibits one of the highes...

The Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models programs were extended to allow analysis of ordered categorical data using a Bayesian threshold model. The algorithm is based on data augmentation, where a value on the unobserved underlying normally distributed variable (liability) is generated in each round of iteration for each categorical observation. The programs allow analysis of several ...