In this paper, we present the pattern analysis of autoradiogram images obtained in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis based on the RLGS (restriction landmark genome scanning) method [1]. On a RLGS autoradiogram image, several thousands of spots can be observed; one spot corresponds to one genetic locus and its intensity re ects the copy number of the restriction landmark. In the rst step of th...

In this review we examine the current state of analytical methods in proteomics. The conventional methodology using two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and mass spectrometry is discussed, with particular reference to the advantages and shortcomings thereof. Two recently published methods which offer an alternative approach are presented and discussed, with emphasis on how they can provide info...

Recently, a western white pine protein, Pin m III, was shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine foliage. To examine whether Pin m III is directly involved in frost hardiness by functioning as an antifreeze protein, work is underway to clone the gene encoding this protein and to assess the function of this gene in freezing tolerance by incorporating the...

One third of all genes of various organisms encode membrane proteins, emphasizing their crucial cellular role. However, due to their high hydrophobicity, membrane proteins demonstrate low solubility and a high tendency for aggregation. Indeed, conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), a powerful electrophoretic method for the separation of complex protein samples that applies iso...

N(α)-Acetyltransferases (NATs) cause the N(α)-acetylation of the majority of eukaryotic proteins during their translation, although the functions of this modification have been largely unexplored. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), four NATs have been identified: NatA, NatB, NatC, and NatD. In this study, the N(α)-acetylation status of ribosomal protein was analyzed using NAT mutants combined...

Practical uses of nanomaterials are rapidly spreading to a wide variety of fields. However, potential harmful effects of nanomaterials are raising concerns about their safety. Therefore, it is important that a risk assessment system is developed so that the safety of nanomaterials can be evaluated or predicted. Here, we attempted to identify novel biomarkers of nanomaterial-induced health effec...

For many years, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been the method of choice for the investigation of complex mixtures of proteins. Although there are a number of emerging technologies that can be applied to proteomics, none can yet yield routinely the breadth of information available from two-dimensional gels. To be able to obtain instant information regarding molecular mass and pI, as we...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) employs isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and a separation of the proteins according to their molecular weights in the second dimension. The gels are then commonly stained using silver stain to visualize the protein pattern. This is a tedious and time-consuming procedure. Here, we demonstrate a combination of two newly developed methods – OF...