In attempts to discover exciting new phenomena, it is useful to compare our data with (at least) two different hypotheses. These are H0, the null hypothesis, corresponding to just known physics and nothing new; and H1, a specific version of new physics, perhaps involving free parameters, such as the mass of a new particle. Methods of performing this comparison, with a view to claiming a discove...

This paper presents two methods for generating numerical codes representing clusters of Rn, while preserving various topological properties of data spaces. This is useful for networks whose input, or eventually output, consists of unordered sets of points. The first method is the best one from a theoretical point of view, while the second one is more usable for large clusters in practice.

• In the independent two-sample t-test, we assume normality, independence, and equal variances. • This t-test is robust against nonnormality, but is sensitive to dependence. • If n1 is close to n2, then the test is moderately robust against unequal variance (σ 1 6= σ 2). But if n1 and n2 are quite different (e.g. differ by a ratio of 3 or more), then the test is much less robust. • How to deter...

In this paper I will review two recent approaches to gesture recognition. First, I will describe the Condensation algorithm [2] and its extensions to gesture recognition [3] [1]. Then, I will describe a method that uses multi-scale motion segmentation to monitor motion over time and a Time Delayed Neural Network to match this motion to gestures [4]. My focus will be on how these algorithms use ...

Imagine two physicists interested in studying the interaction of a pair of fluids at supersonic speeds. Each of them uses sophisticated technological artifacts to generate images of the flow structures that are generated as a shock wave propagates through a fluid. Each of them manipulates the equipment so as to be able to investigate their phenomenon of interest at a variety of values of basic ...

We present a phase-based potential ordering that is an extension of the Cascade ordering introduced by Appleyard and Cheshire [1]. The ordering is valid for both two-phase and three-phase flow, and it can handle countercurrent flow due to gravity and/or capillarity. We show how this ordering can be used to reduce the nonlinear algebraic system that arise from the fully-implicit method (FIM) int...

This paper provides a full numerical tool set for modeling and predicting an effective apparent dielectric constant of multiphase microporous media, which includes a multiparameter random generation-growth algorithm for generating microstructures of multiphase porous media and a lattice Boltzmann solver for the electric potential transport equations through porous structures. After being valida...

Imaging the dynamics of distributed phase synchrony across brain signals is of crucial importance for the study of large-scale interactions in the brain, and requires combining at the same time, wide coverage of the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution. Electroand magneto-encephalography (EEG–MEG), which provide full head coverage measurements of the human brain activity, can potenti...