In comparison with animals, relatively few plant genes have been identified that have been shown to be under organ-, tissue- or cell-type-specific regulation. In this paper, we describe how the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (gusA or uidA), fused to a weak promoter (a truncated (-90 bp) CaMV35S promoter), can be used to identify tissue-specific markers in transgenic tobacco plants. The ...

To depolymerize plant pectin, the phytopathogenic enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi produces a series of enzymes which include a pectin-methyl-esterase encoded by the pem gene and five isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the five genes pelA, pelB, pelC, pelD, and pelE. We have constructed transcriptional fusions between the pectinase gene promoters and the uidA gene, encoding beta-glucur...

BACKGROUND White-rot fungi are primarily the major degraders of lignin, a major obstacle for commercial exploitation of plant byproducts to produce bioethanol and other industrially important products. However, to improve their efficacy for lignin degradation, it has become necessary to genetically modify these organisms using appropriate vectors. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil phytopathogen...

background: introduction: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the most important bacterial cause of watery  travelers' diarrhea  in  developing countries. watery diarrhea is can cause serious life-threatening dehydration. etec was caused diarrhea by the secretion of two heat-labile enterotoxins (lts) and the heat-stable enterotoxins (sts) which increase intestinal secretion. routine labo...

A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium has been established for greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Double cotyledonary node (DCN) explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 containing neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II) gene as selectable marker, β-glucuronidase (GU...

The genus Arcobacter has been associated with human illness and fecal contamination by humans and animals. To better characterize the health risk posed by this emerging waterborne pathogen, we investigated the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. in Lake Erie beach waters. During the summer of 2010, water samples were collected 35 times from the Euclid, Villa Angela, and Headlands (East and West) beac...

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference of distribution in intestinal flora among colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls and investigate characteristics and changes of sequences in beta-glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase, β-G). METHODS Bacterial genomic DNA and E. coli DNA in feces were extracted from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls respectively. Specific primers for β-G gene...

Tomato race 3 (T3) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum near-isogenic line (NIL) 216 and pepper genotypes. One cosmid clone (35 kb) selected from a genomic library of a T3 strain induced an HR in all resistant plants. A 1.5-kb active subclone containing the putative avirulence (avr) gene, designated avrXv3, w...