Based on investigations with an ESEC thermosonic wire bonder, we report a novel ultrasound calibration method which consists of measuring in-situ the friction heat generated by the gold ball as it scrubs on the oxide of an integrated microsensor. This procedure can be carried out in-process using a dedicated testchip and a modiÞed clamping plate. The calibration dependence on the process parame...

A method for ultrasonic measurement of friction material elastic constants was evaluated through a round-robin process. The purpose of the study was two-fold: 1) to formulate and evaluate a standard test method (SAE J2725) for measuring elastic constants using ultrasound and 2) to quantify the measurement variability when the testing method is applied by multiple operators and instrumentation. ...

The cleaning of heat exchangers, and other large process equipment, using large-scale ultrasonic systems has, in the past few years, progressed from a “curiosity” to a proven, practical tool for many clients. Research and a greater understanding of the physics involved in the cleaning process and the practical considerations of operating in the field have led to improvements in design and usabi...

Interruptions in the supply of electricity cause numerous losses to consumers, whether residential or industrial and may result fines being imposed on regulatory agency’s concessionaire. In Brazil, electrical transmission distribution systems cover a large territorial area, because they are usually outdoors, exposed environmental variations. this context, periodic inspections carried out networ...