Fuzzy linear symmetrical bi-level programming is the most extensive problem in multi-level programming. A new method based on tolerance degree has been introduced in this paper. The method mainly concerns the modeling of complicated Supply Chain with bi-level Stackelberg structure. We analyze the reason lead to uncertainties in supply chain, summarize methods of dealing with uncertainties, and ...

Due to the increasing use of digital medical images, a need exists to develop an approach for automatic image annotation, which provides textual labels for images. Thus added labels can be used to access images using textual queries. Automatic image annotation can be separated into two individual tasks: feature extraction and image classification. In this paper, the authors present feature extr...

Business intelligence (BI) is one of the technology areas that have grown tremendously. BI describes a set of concepts and methods based on data for improving business decision making. BI capabilities have become one of the important business and technical capabilities. However, BI capabilities have remained largely unexamined in academic literature. Current understandings of BI capabilities ar...

Load serving entities (LSEs) maximise their profit by increasing the difference between revenue from electricity sale to consumers and cost of procuring that electricity. Considering offered prices, minimise energy bills scheduling consumption. Varying spot market prices consumer behaviour impact LSE’s procurement price decisions. The two conflicting objectives LSE maximization minimization can...

In this paper, a bi-level game-theoretic model is proposed to investigate the effects of governmental financial intervention on green supply chain. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program for a green supply chain that produces various products with different environmental pollution levels. The problem is also regard uncertainties in market demand and sale price of raw materials and pro...

This paper explores how uncertainty reduction due to increased forecasting accuracy, which is one of main benefits associated with the adoption of Business Intelligence (BI) systems, will affect the behavior of knowledge workers and how this change in their behavior will impact the appropriation of benefits from BI investments. The study uses a micro-economic model in order to show that higher ...

this paper presents a fuzzy goal programming (fgp) methodology for solving bi-level quadratic programming (blqp) problems. in the fgp model formulation, firstly the objectives are transformed into fuzzy goals (membership functions) by means of assigning an aspiration level to each of them, and suitable membership function is defined for each objectives, and also the membership functions for vec...