Underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) is proven to be enabling technology for a variety of applications such as naval surveillance, oil platform monitoring, earthquake and tsunami forewarning and scientific and commercial exploitation of the ocean. UASN is formed by wireless sensor nodes distributed over a certain area within the underwater environment and communicating via acoustic signal....

Secure and anonymous routing is required in many underwater acoustic network applications such as marine military. However, the characteristics of underwater acoustic networks cause existing secure scheme designed for traditional terrestrial networks to be inapplicable. This article presents a secure routing design for underwater acoustic networks. First, considering the difficulty of setting a...

The growing need for ocean observation systems has stimulated considerable interest within the research community in advancing the enabling technologies of underwater wireless communication and underwater sensor networks. Sensors and ad hoc sensor networks are the emerging tools for performing extensive data-gathering operations on land, and solutions in the subsea setting are being sought. Eff...

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) networks are an emerging technology with applications in various fields, including smart grids, healthcare, vehicular telematics and cities. Heterogeneous M2M contain different types of nodes, e.g., nodes that send emergency, periodic, normal type data. An important problem is to rapidly estimate the number active each node every time frame such a network. In this paper...

One of the main challenges in wireless sensor network is energy problem and life cycle of nodes in networks. Several methods can be used for increasing life cycle of nodes. One of these methods is load balancing in nodes while transmitting data from source to destination. Directed diffusion algorithm is one of declared methods in wireless sensor networks which is data-oriented algorithm. Direct...

One of the main challenges in wireless sensor network is energy problem and life cycle of nodes in networks. Several methods can be used for increasing life cycle of nodes. One of these methods is load balancing in nodes while transmitting data from source to destination. Directed diffusion algorithm is one of declared methods in wireless sensor networks which is data-oriented algorithm. Direct...

Considering that deployment strategies for underwater sensor networks should contribute to fully connecting the networks, a Guaranteed Full Connectivity Node Deployment (GFCND) algorithm is proposed in this study. The GFCND algorithm attempts to deploy the coverage nodes according to the greedy iterative strategy, after which the connectivity nodes are used to improve network connectivity and f...

Providing scalable and efficient routing services in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is very challenging due to the unique characteristics of UWSNs. Firstly, UWSNs often employ acoustic channels for communications because radio signals do not work well in water. Compared with radio-frequency channels, acoustic channels feature much lower bandwidths and several orders of magnitudes longer pro...

We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator...

UASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network) has intrinsic impediments, since it is utilized and utilizes acoustic signs to impart in the sea-going world. Examples include long delays propagation, limited bandwidth, high transmitting energy costs, very attenuation signal, expensive implementation battery replacement etc. The routing schemes must therefore take account of these features achieve bal...