This research project analyses the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) calculation models applicable to Trade Credit Insurance Underwriting Risk. The current regulation, the Solvency II Directive (25/11/2009), is not restrictive in this regard and allows each insurer to use the model of SCR calculation which best suits its purpose, with the condition that it obtains authorization from the local ...

Abstract Individuals often face financial incentives that challenge their desire to behave honestly. Strategically making excuses justify dishonesty allows them give in the temptation of benefit and retain moral self‐image. In context insurance underwriting, stakes are high, as providing false information or redacting customers reduce premiums. This is particularly true for smoking disclosures ...

As insurers face tremendous pressure to improve their financial performance amid rough global economic weather, efficient risk selection and accurate pricing have become even more critical. However, most commercial insurers go about these processes in a haphazard, labor-intensive and nonstandardized manner. Underwriters spend an unjustifiable amount of time dealing with unclear workflows, lack ...

In adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD), the cysts begin as tiny vesicles involving only one to two percent of the renal tubules.1 These "renegade" nephrons enlarge slowly but progressively, compressing and virtually obliterating the normal parenchyma, ultimately inducing renal insufficiency. This deterioration in function appears to accelerate in later life. A mathematical model of spherical...

The speed of the aging process is variable. Some individuals remain exceptionally fit beyond age 90, while others become frail and fragile early. Survival is better predicted by biological age (state of health, status of reserves) rather than chronological age (age in years since date of birth). The frail group shows a higher mortality compared to the robust group. When assessing the elderly in...

It can be difficult to design and develop artificial intelligence systems to meet specific quality standards. Often, AI systems are designed to be “as good as possible” rather than meeting particular targets. Using the Design for Six Sigma quality methodology, an automated insurance underwriting expert system was designed, developed, and fielded. Using this methodology resulted in meeting the h...