Signature-based detection relies on patterns present in viruses and provides a relatively simple and efficient method for detecting known viruses. At present, most anti-virus systems rely primarily on signature detection. Metamorphic viruses are one of the most difficult types of viruses to detect. Such viruses change their internal structure, which provides an effective means of evading signat...

I compared values for the free thyroxin index derived from data obtained by four triiodothyronine-uptake kits for 93 euthyroid subjects with normal or altered thyroxin-binding globulin binding capacity. In addition, I devised a mathematical model of an "ideal" free thyroxin index. Only one uptake kit satisfactorily normalized values for the free thyroxin index in the increased thyroglobulin gro...

A method of evaluating the iodine distribution in thryroglobulin has been developed. It is based on the increase in density that occurs when iodine is incorporated into proteins. Resolution of iodinated species is obtained by equilibrium centrifugation in a 34.5% (w/w) RbCl density gradient (isopycnic centrifugation) in either the analytical or preparative ultracentrifuge. The equilibrium in 34...

Ca2+-dependent neutral proteases in hog thyroid cytosol were found to digest thyroglobulin. The protease activity was divided into two peaks by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Peak I was eluted at 0.2 M NaCl and required only a micromolar range of Ca2+ for its 50% activation, while peak II, which was eluted at about 0.4 M NaCl, displayed little activity until the Ca2+ concentration was in...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether levels of thyroglobulin measured in blood from the inferior-superior thyroid veins and the peripheral antecubital vein could predict the presence of thyroid carcinoma in patients undergoing surgery for thyroid diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-one patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Levels of thyroglobulin were analysed. Sensitivity...

Inside-out follicles prepared from pig thyroid glands were used for studies on endocytosis. endocytosis. In this in vitro system, only the apical plasma membranes of follicle cells were exposed to tracers added to the culture medium. Cationized ferritin (CF) bound to the apical plasma membrane and was transferred first to endosomes and to lysosomes (within 5 min). Later, after approximately 30 ...

Thyroid hormonogenesis requires secretion of thyroglobulin, a protein comprising Cys-rich regions I, II, and III (referred to collectively as region I-II-III) followed by a cholinesterase-like (ChEL) domain. Secretion of mature thyroglobulin requires extensive folding and glycosylation in the ER. Multiple reports have linked mutations in the ChEL domain to congenital hypothyroidism in humans an...

Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of congenital hypothyroid goiter in cog/cog mice, have raised important questions concerning the maturation of thyroglobulin (the thyroid prohormone) in certain human kindreds with congenital goiter. We have now examined affected siblings from two unrelated families that synthesize an apparently normally glycosylated, > 300 kD immunore...

Prevalence of abortion is higher in women with autoimmune thyroid disease. In the majority of cases, however, no abnormality of thyroid function is detected despite the high levels of antithyroid antibodies. The direct influence of such harmful autoantibodies in female reproductive organs may serve a role in pregnancy loss. In this study, expression of thyroglobulin in the reproductive tissues ...

An efficient, single-step method for isolating highly purified toxin A from Clostridium difficile culture filtrates is described. The purification procedure was based on the affinity binding and release of toxin A to bovine thyroglobulin conjugated to agarose beads. The toxin strongly bound at 4 degrees C to the carbohydrate binding determinant Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, a carbohydrate se...