Depending on whether bidirectional links or unidirectional links are used for communications, the network topology under a given range assignment is either an undirected graph referred to as the bidirectional topology, or a directed graph referred to as the unidirectional topology. The Min-Power Bidirectional (resp., Unidirectional) k-Node Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimu...

In ad hoc networks, a communication link between two mobile nodes is not always bidirectional, i.e. unidirectional, since the different characters of networks and nodes. This paper studies unidirectional links which are general and universal in ad hoc networks and proposes a routing protocol LSARP (link-state advertisement based source routing protocol). LSARP can support unidirectional links t...

The adoption of electric buses in public transport requires careful planning for the bus fleet and charging infrastructure. A mathematical model an urban service was developed to support deployment novelty is that it incorporates infrastructure elements both static dynamic technologies at same time. supports electrification lines without route schedule adjustments. volume charged energy units c...

Battery-charger demands have changed from a simple stand-alone charger to an embedded charger and power source for the system. This topic provides some insight into the many new issues the designer should consider when designing either a linear or a switching regulator. Common transient issues caused by hot plugging/unplugging the adapter or system load during operation are presented. Problems ...

Experiments with wireless sensor networks have shown that unidirectional communication links are quite common. What is even more, they have also shown that the range of a unidirectional link can exceed that of a bidirectional one by far. Still, most of todays routing protocols do not use them, they only eliminate their implications. Those protocols that do use unidirectional links introduce a l...

We show theoretically that photonic crystals consisting of colloidal spheres exhibit unidirectional wave propagation and one-way frequency band gaps without breaking time-reversal symmetry via, e.g., the application of an external magnetic field or the use of nonlinear materials. Namely, photonic crystals with low symmetry such as the monoclinic crystal type considered here as well as with unit...

WINSmartEV is a software based plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) monitoring, control, and management system. It not only incorporates intelligence at every level so that charge scheduling can avoid grid bottlenecks, but it also multiplies the number of PEVs that can be plugged into a single circuit. This paper proposes, designs, and executes many upgrades to WINSmartEV. These upgrades include new ...

The self-oscillating flyback converter is a popular circuit for cost-sensitive applications due to its simplicity and low component count. It is widely employed in mobile phone chargers and as the stand-by power source in off-line power supplies for data-processing equipment. However, the optimization of this circuit is almost exclusively performed by a cutand-try approach since its operation i...