It is shown that a unidirectional link of a network can be used for routing only if it has an inclusive cycle, which is a path that can carry routing updates from the downstream node to the upstream node joined by the unidirectional link. A new routing algorithm for networks with unidirectional links is then presented, which incrementally disseminates linkstate information and selectively utili...

A distributed algorithm is self-stabilizing if after faults and attacks hit the system and place it in some arbitrary global state, the system recovers from this catastrophic situation without external intervention in finite time. Unidirectional networks preclude many common techniques in self-stabilization from being used, such as preserving local predicates. The focus of this work is on the c...

Compactness as introduced by Botafogo, Rivlin and Shneiderman, in short: BRScompactness, is studied in general, as it can be used to describe the cohesion of parts of the lnternet or collaboration networks, and in the particular case of a unidirectional network, such as a citation graph. It is shown that the connection coefficient is an upper bound for the BRS-compactness value of a network. Du...

T his empirical analysis endeavors to trace out the causal nexus between core inflation and economic growth from the perspective of twenty worlds’ leading economy with the help of the nonlinear Granger causality approach by using time series data from 1981 to 2016. Based on nonlinear Granger causality results, it has been found that there is unidirectional casualty running from core ...

This paper defines a new class of unidirectional errors,named t/u-unidirectional errors, which affect at most 1 bits confined to atmost u bytes of the code word. Codes that are capable of detecting, Iocat-ing and correcting N-unidirectional errors are presented. Lower boundson the number of checkbits required for N-unidirectional error detec-tion and location are also presen...

Unidirectional volatile switching behavior is a typical resistive phenomenon in oxides, which has been proposed as attractive candidates for selection devices high density memory and neuromorphic systems applications with cross-point arrays. However, the microscopic origin of underlying mechanism still unclear due to lack direct experimental evidence. Here, performance device low forming voltag...

Water freezing in particle suspensions widely exists nature. As a typical physical system of free boundary problem, the spatiotemporal evolution solid/liquid interface not only origins from phase transformation but also permeation flow front ice. Physical models have been proposed previous efforts to describe dynamic behaviors unidirectional suspensions. However, there are several parameters di...

The determinants of weak electrolyte influx into everted segments of rat small intestine have been studied. Preliminary experiments showed that the observed influxes could be described as unidirectional, diffusional fluxes of the nonionized compound uncomplicated by a parallel ionic component. It is shown that the determinants of weak electrolyte influx in this situation may be described in ter...