Background/aims—Well dilated pupils make eye surgery easier. A classic twin study was established to examine the relative importance of genes and environment in the variance of pupil size after mydriasis, and to examine the eVects of other factors such as age, iris colour, and refractive error. Methods—506 twin pairs, 226 monozygotic (MZ) and 280 dizygotic (DZ), aged 49–79 (mean age 62.2 years,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of nepafenac 0.1% in maintaining mydriasis and in preventing postoperative macular edema following cataract surgery. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, single-masked comparative study in 60 patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Patients were randomized to either the nepafenac or the control gro...

The maintenance of mydriasis throughout cataract extraction surgery and the control of ocular inflammation are crucial for successful surgical outcomes. The development of miosis during cataract surgery compromises the visualization of the surgical field and working space for surgeons. This may lead to complications that include posterior capsular tear and associated vitreous loss, longer surgi...

primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism can present with a brown tumor of the mandible. involvement of other skull and facial bones is extremely rare. only a few cases with brown tumor of the orbital bones have been reported. an is year old girl with primary hyperparathyroidism presented with unilateral exophthalmos caused by brown tumor of the orbital roof, lite patient had a 1.5 cm palpable ...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of carbachol into the third ventricle of conscious rabbits increased pupil size and intraocular pressure (IOP). A significant increase of pupil size by 0.6-1.3 mm for 60-90 min was observed with the dose of 1 microgram and an increase of IOP by 1.1-1.9 mmHg for 15-60 min was observed with doses over 10 ng. These responses were due to central cholinergic s...

Over a period of 4 years, 420 patients were observed with fullness in the ear, episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing, and tinnitus. Of them, 182 patients showed normal hearing levels, a mild eustachian tube dysfunction, normal SP/AP ratios, mydriasis on the side of the affected ear, and a functional disorder of the upper cervical spine. These patients responded to conservative management, parti...

In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously w...