Sentential adverbs are often assumed to be situated in front of the verb phrase in arbitrary order. In a recent monograph, however, Cinque (1999) claims that the relative order of sentential adverbs may, in principle, be universally fixed. In this paper I first give a brief presentation of Cinque’s proposal. Then I present a pilot study of sentential adverbs in English and Swedish. This study i...

the common belief among a great number of linguists and psycholinguists is that the solution to the problem of language acquisition, also called the projection problem or plato’s problem, lies within the prior knowledge. one hypothesis that constitutes the foundation of this belief is that the gap between the child-exposed input (primary data) and the linguistic system (linguistic competence) i...

Streszczenie. This paper presents a formal syntax framework of natural languages for computational linguistics. The abstract syntax of natural languages, particularly English, and their formal manipulations are described. On the basis of the abstract syntax, a universal language processing model and the deductive grammar of English are developed toward the formalization of Chomsky’s universal g...

2 Introduction Within the Principle and Parameters model of Universal Grammar (UG), double negatives, which I will henceforth refer to as Negative Concord (NC), have been argued to invoke a fundamental syntactic relation between the head and the specifier of a constituent. More precisely, it has been proposed that sentential negation universally projects a syntactic constituent conform to X' th...

This paper presents a novel technique called "universal guides" which explores inherent properties of logic grammars (changing variable binding status) in order to characterize tbrmal criteria for termination in a derivation process. The notion of universal guides also offers a new framework in which both parsing and generation can be viewed merely as two different instances of the same generic...

OBJECTIVE To determine within-rater and between-rater reliability of the universal goniometer (UG) for measuring active cervical range of motion (ACROM) in asymptomatic healthy subjects. METHODS Nineteen healthy subjects were tested in an identical seated position. Two raters used UG to measure active cervical movements of flexion, extension, right side flexion, left side flexion, right rotat...

The moduli space of smooth curves admits a beautiful compactification Mg,n ⊂ Mg,n by the moduli space of stable curves. In this paper, we undertake a systematic classification of alternate modular compactifications ofMg,n. Let Ug,n be the (non-separated) moduli stack of all n-pointed connected reduced one-dimensional schemes of arithmetic genus g. When g = 0, U0,n is irreducible and we classify...