Farmers in the Indus Basin, Pakistan have generally switched to groundwater for additional water supplies due to the irregular supply of irrigation water; currently over 50% of the agricultural land in the basin is at least partially irrigated by tubewells. These wells pump fresh groundwater, which essentially is the result of massive leakage from irrigation canals into the originally saltwater...

In this paper, case study on outlet cracking is first conducted for the Goupitan and Xiaowan arch dams. A nonlinear FEM method is then implemented to study effects of the outlets on integral stability of the Xiluodu arch dam under two loading conditions, i.e., normal loading and overloading conditions. On the basis of the case study and the numerical modelling, the outlet cracking mechanism, ri...

High-resolution seismic reflection has been used successfully to characterize material and investigate a variety of problems associated with earthen dams and abutments. Limitations and challenges of seismic reflection when interrogating these structures and lithologies are nontrivial and require very critical thinking. Seismic reflection has proved an effective tool for mapping confining units ...

For the first time, we report the C4s’ transport properties: solubility, diffusivity, permeability in 6FDA–DAM polymer, one of most permeable glassy polymers with significant nC4 vs. iC4 selectivity. An nC4 permeability of 3.7 Barrer, and nC4/iC4 ideal selectivity of 21 was found in pure 6FDA–DAM polymer membrane. Mixed matrix films were successfully fabricated using a 6FDA–DAM as the matrix, w...

Let k be an integer with id="M2"> 4 ≤ 6 and id="M3"> η any real number. Suppose that id="M4"> λ 1 , 2 … 5 are nonzero numbers, not all of them have the same sign, id="M5"> / is irrational. It p...

The use of forest roads as foundations for dam construction by beavers is a recurrent problem in the management of forest road networks. In order to limit the damage to forest roads, our goal was to calculate the probability of beaver dam installation on culverts, according to surrounding habitat parameters, which could allow for improvement in the spatial design of new roads that minimise conf...

The restorative potential of dam removal on ecosystem function depends on the reversibility of dam effects and its operations. While dam removal is an established engineering practice, the need for an understanding of the ecological response remains. We used paleoflood hydrology, hydrologic modeling, and aerial photo interpretation to investigate the long-term ecologic responses to dam failure ...