The herb layer of temperate forests contributes to long-term forest ecosystem functioning and provisioning services. Therefore, a thorough understanding its dynamics in the face environmental changes is essential. This paper focuses on species functional diversity riparian verify how these two community components changed over time under strict protection. understory vegetation was surveyed 42 ...

Forest structural complexity affects tree growth, species diversity, understory seedling density, wildlife habitat and fire behaviour. Thus, defining the of forest ecosystems would play a crucial role in their management. The vertical structure stands shade-tolerant can be described by using distribution diameters. In this study, main objective was to determine compare diameter patterns managed...

The persistence of landscape-scale disturbance legacies in forested ecosystems depends in part on the nature and strength of feedback among disturbances, their effects, and subsequent recovery processes such as tree regeneration and canopy closure. We investigated factors affecting forest recovery rates over a 25-year time period in a large (6 million ha) landscape where geopolitical boundaries...

Stochastic optimization identifies the asset allocation that minimizes the probability of exhausting the retirement portfolio, thereby minimizing risk, from unmanaged (constant) and optimally managed withdrawals over the retirement life span. Optimal equity compositions and minimized probabilities of prematurely exhausting the portfolio increase with higher withdrawal rates and earlier retireme...

Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document analyzes issues involved in the transition of "unmanaged networks" from IPv4 to IPv6. Unmanaged networks typically correspond to home networks or small office networks. A companion paper analyzes out t...

Managed C# and Delphi Prism in Visual Studio 2008 and Unmanaged Delphi 2009 and C++ Builder 2009 programming languages are increasingly gaining in popularity. In this study, response times of these languages, memory consumptions and code lengths were tested with various work loads and the results belonging to these tests were given. Whether there was a significant difference among the data obta...

Traditional clear-fell forestry greatly alters community structure and ecosystem function within boreal forests alternative management practices may reduce these impacts. Continuous-cover can maintain similar invertebrate plant communities to unmanaged forest, but whether this extends soil fungal remains unclear. Within four sites across the mid-boreal zone of Sweden, we conducted a comprehensi...