OBJECTIVE To determine velocity specific isokinetic forces and cross sectional areas of reciprocal muscle groups in Olympic weight lifters. METHODS The cross sectional area of the flexor or extensor muscles of the elbow or knee joint was determined by a B-mode ultrasonic apparatus in 34 college weight lifters and 31 untrained male subjects matched for age. Maximum voluntary force produced in ...

Hopper and Thompson (1980) defined a multiaxis theory of transitivity that goes beyond simple syntactic transitivity and captures how much “action” takes place in a sentence. Detecting these features requires a deep understanding of lexical semantics and real-world pragmatics. We propose two general approaches for creating a corpus of sentences labeled with respect to the Hopper-Thompson transi...

Affixal inflectional morphology has been intensively examined as a model of productive aspects of language. Nevertheless, little is known about the neurocognition of the learning and generalization of affixal inflection, or the influence of certain factors that may affect these processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we examined the neurocognition of the learning and generalization of plural...

BACKGROUND One approach to preventing opioid overdose, a leading cause of premature, preventable mortality, is to provide overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND). Two outstanding issues for OEND implementation include 1) the dissemination of OEND training from trained to untrained community members; and 2) the concern that OEND provides active substance users with a false sense of s...

Performance benefits conferred in the untrained limb after unilateral motor practice are termed cross-limb transfer. Although the effect is robust, the neural mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study we used noninvasive brain stimulation to reveal that the neural adaptations that mediate motor learning in the trained limb are distinct from those that underlie cross-limb transfer...

UNLABELLED Exercise training results in a speeding of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics at the onset of exercise in adults; however, only limited research has been conducted with children and adolescents. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to examine VO2 and muscle deoxygenation kinetics in trained and untrained male adolescents. METHODS Sixteen trained (15 +/- 0.8 yr, VO2peak = ...

Objective: Research on the untrained women’s cardiovascular health is a hot topic in the world. It is important to systematically assess the effects of exercise duration on cardiovascular health in untrained women. Methods: Published articles from 1988 to May 2015 were identified using electronic databases for randomized controlled trails. The weighted mean differences and 95% confidence interv...

BACKGROUND Exercise training is known to increase fat utilization during exercise. Diets containing antioxidants and branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also reported to have potential effects on fat utilization. Cashew apple juice (CAJ) comprises many nutritional components including vitamin C and BCAAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAJ supplementation on substrate utilizatio...