The inadvertent or the deliberate introduction of pathogens into drinking water can lead to public health consequences. Distribution system sampling strategies are needed to provide information on the identity, source and fate of the introduced pathogens. Porous media biofilm reactors conditioned with undefined drinking water biofilms were tested for their ability to immobilize Escherichia coli...

The cyclodehydration of a number of Bohlmann-Rahtz aminodienones exemplifies the use of continuous flow processing to transfer operations from commercial microreactors and microwave batch reactors to mesoscale production using different technology platforms, including a microwave flow reactor.

A versatile enzyme immobilization strategy for thin film continuous flow processing is reported. Here, non-covalent and glutaraldehyde bioconjugation are used to immobilize enzymes on the surfaces of borosilicate reactors. This approach requires only ng of protein per reactor tube, with the stock protein solution readily recycled to sequentially coat >10 reactors. Confining reagents to thin fil...

The roles of chemical kinetics and mass transfer in two types of bioreactors (packed-column reactors and rotating disk bioreactors), used with continuous-flow sample/ reagent(s) processing, are discussed in detail. A normalized quantitative comparison between these types of reactors clearly shows that rotating disk reactors afford a significantly more efficient utilization of immobilized active...

The largest experience in operating nuclear power plants has been in nuclear naval propulsion, particularly aircraft carriers and submarines. This accumulated experience may become the basis of a proposed new generation of compact-sized nuclear power plants designs. The mission for nuclear powered submarines is being redefined in terms of signal intelligence gathering and special operations. Th...

Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is essentially an irreversible and second order reaction. Industrial importance of the reaction product, sodium acetate, necessitate for process improvement in terms of maximum conversion and economical usage of raw materials. Statistical design of experiments was utilized to enhance conversion in both batch and plug flow reactors.A full two level factor...

In this study, the effectiveness of two conventional UV reactors in series for the online sterilization of cheese whey was compared to that of a single conventional reactor. The single reactor and the two reactor series were tested at eleven flow rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mL min ) and five flow rates, (35, 40, 50, 60, 70 mL min ), respectively. 100% destruction efficie...