The Innovation of Artifacts is somewhat can be seen as a process of evolution. The paper presents an endeavor to view the evolution of artifact by using evolutionary concept of memetics. We showed the ways to build a phlyomemetic tree based on memes constituting an artifact to infer or estimate the evolutionary history and relationship between artifacts. UPGMA algorithm and the Shortest Tree Me...

This paper presents a new document clustering method based on frequent co-occurring words. We first employ the Singular Value Decomposition, and then group the words into clusters called word representatives as substitution of the corresponding words in the original documents. Next, we extract the frequent word representative sets by Apriori. Subsequently, each document is designated to a basic...

Soil microbial diversity is an important index of agricultural productivity by enhancing soil quality. Present study employed the combination of several methodologies to examine genetic relationships among specific groups of bacteria and to characterize strains at the species level using molecular biotyping techniques. The present study is based upon 16SrDNA analysis for characterisation of bac...

This study carried out for determination and discrimination of intraspecific diversity of Astragalus verus and Astragalus glaucops by Eco-phytosociological method from west of Iran. In this order, application of Endogenous milieu (special station) for data collecting and then their analyzing permit us only determine existence of inter and intraspecific diversity. Then for determinating kind and...

A riparian zone is the land adjacent to streams and rivers, known to be one of the most important habitats in the tropical forest. However, not many studies have been done in Peninsular Malaysia and no information particularly in lowland forest. The purpose of this study was to characterize the plant communities where two sites were chosen, Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR) which includes two logged-o...

A biogeographical classification of reptiles in the Riff region (northern Morocco, Africa) was carried out to look for shared distribution patterns, here termed chorotypes. Baroni-Urbani & Buser’s similarity index was applied to the presence/absence data of reptiles in 10#10 km UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) squares, and then UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using arithmetic average) wa...

In the present paper phylogenetic relationships of Muslim populations of Manipur and its genetic relations with Meitei and Naga tribe based on the morphogenetic traits have been attempted. Till date, no biological research has been reported regarding their phylogeny. Muslims with different castes shows differences in the distribution of these morpho-genetic traits, showing differences of ancest...

To separate the unknown Streptomyces strains isolated from soil samples, the interspacer regions of 16S-23S rDNA of 14 isolates were amplified with PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and digested with three restriction endonucleases, namely, Bsp143I, HaeIII and MnlI. The restriction patterns were used for RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. A dendrogram were constructed using...

A broad sample of Darevskia rudis from the main part of its range was reviewed with regard to external morphology (discriminant, UPGMA, MST and ANOVA analyses) and osteology. Darevskia bithynica is raised to species rank, with two subspecies: D. b. bithynica and D. b. tristis. The other subspecies are fairly similar (D. r. rudis being the most different). Two singular populations are described ...

In a coastal plain forest in eastern Texas, USA, occurs a population of a putative Sabal hybrid, one of few native, putative palm hybrids in the continental USA. Robust plants with large trunks, they are morphologically dissimilar to the much smaller and acaulescent plants of S. minor, with which they co-occur. The only other large Sabal species in the USA are S. mexicana and S. palmetto, with ...