NARRATIVE REVIEW: This article is a narrative review of the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) and other characteristics (cost, time to administer, and year of publication) of commercially available manual and finger dexterity assessments used for adults in the United States. Complete research articles related to dexterity assessments were gathered from online database searches ...

This paper describes how to evaluate the performance of dexterity measures by investigating the properties of the inverse kinematic algorithms. These algorithms use redundancy to optimize the dexterity measure under the constraint of following a specified end-effector trajectory. To facilitate the investigation, a concept of the construint locus is proposed. The constraint locus is the loci of ...

RATIONALE Spasticity is a major complication after stroke, and botulinumtoxin A (BoNT-A) injection is commonly used to manage focal spasticity. However, it is uncertain whether BoNT-A can improve voluntary motor control or activities of daily living function of paretic upper limbs. This study investigated whether BoNT-A injection combined with robot-assisted upper limb therapy improves voluntar...

Dexterity, defined as the skillful manipulation of the hands, is now amenable to physiological investigation. Two topics are discussed here: grasping (i.e., hand-object coupling) and bimanual coordination. Dexterity depends on powerful, distributed neural networks and is particularly vulnerable to brain lesions. A knowledge of physiological mechanisms is needed to deal with these neurological p...

Degenerative functional and neurocognitive disorders with limited manual dexterity are becoming more prevalent as life expectancy is improved. Although the use of a removable partial denture is widely accepted treatment modality, the clinician should recognize the indications and maintenance requirements of different designs for individual patients. The planning and limitations of such treatmen...

Abstract AIMS To describe the methods used to assess and monitor motor function during awake craniotomy surgery for tumour resection. METHOD A service review was carried out over 10 months. Patients with highly eloquent lesions – invasion of primary cortex or fronto-parietal connections involved in cognition were included. Clinical notes reviewed summarised using descriptive analysis. Dexterity...

RATIONALE In this case report, we describe a Parkinson's disease (PD) patient with limb-kinetic apraxia (LKA) in whom degeneration of the corticofugal tract (CFT) from the supplementary motor area (SMA) was observed in diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). PATIENT CONCERNS A 63-year-old woman presented with a loss of dexterity in both upper extremities, which indicated LKA, and typical PD-rela...

OBJECTIVE To investigate long-latency motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in congenital hemiplegia (CH) and to seek for correlation with paretic hand movement deficits. METHODS MEPs were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous of both hands in 12 CH patients and 12 age-matched controls; dexterity and upper limb function were quantitatively assessed...

This paper designs a four legged parallel walking robot to go through a narrow hole. Topology design is conducted for a leg mechanism composed of four legs, base and ground, which constitute a redundant parallel mechanism. This mechanism is subdivided into four sub-mechanism composed of three legs. A motor vector is adopted to determine the 6x8 Jacobian of the redundant parallel mechanism and t...