Today most upper respiratory tract infections are mild and of short duration with minor risk of complications. Hence, the effects of antibiotic treatment are marginal. The only and most important reason for treatment is to stop dissemination. Penicillin V should be the first drug of choice. A review of the literature about antibiotic treatment of upper respiratory tract infections shows that mo...

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) include rhinosinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngotonsillitis and laryngitis [1]. Viruses are responsible for the great majority of URTIs therefore antimicrobial treatment is not always required [2]. Paracetamol (7-15 mg/kg/dose) and ibuprofen (4-10 mg/kg/dose) are considered as the standard analgesics [3]. Regarding rhinosinusitis, clinicians ...

This review concerns the modern views of etiology, diagnostics, and treatment of the patients presenting with paresthesias of the upper respiratory tract. Various concepts of etiology of this pathology are described along with the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Special attention is given to the debatable aspects of diagnostics and treatment of the patients complaining of the fe...

TO THE EDITOR—Chemaly et al should be congratulated for completing the daunting task of fully enrolling their recent study [1]. However, their conclusion that an intermittent ribavirin schedule has higher efficacy than a continuous schedule seems to be premature for several reasons. First, although such studies can decrease the necessary sample size, adaptive randomization schemes remain contro...

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus often colonize the nasopharynx. Children are susceptible to bacterial infections during or soon after upper respiratory tract infection (URI). We describe colonization with these 4 bacteria species alone or in combination during URI. Data were from a prospective cohort of healthy children 6 to 36 ...

Viral infection may induce the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, resulting in increased NO formation that has an antiviral effect. NO may be produced by various cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and may be detected in the exhaled air. We have studied the levels of exhaled NO in 18 normal subjects during symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections and during recovery 3 w...

as to make it a complete work of reference for the student or practitioner. In such a work we naturally find prominence given to such subjects as "throat affections of infectious fevers, gout, and rheumatism" chronic infective diseases," such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and leprosy; and " neuroses of the larynx accordingly there are useful chapters on each of these topics, while shorter descript...

Upper respiratory tract infections (including otitis media) are the most common illnesses affecting children. Most illnesses are mild and resolve completely without specific treatment, but the frequency of infection and association with fever and constitutional symptoms creates significant distress for the child and the family. By understanding the evidence available from high-quality studies, ...

Naphthalene is a nasal toxicant and carcinogen in the rat. Upper respiratory tract (URT) uptake of naphthalene was measured in the male and female F344 rat at exposure concentrations of 1, 4, 10, or 30 ppm at inspiratory flow rates of 150 or 300 ml/min. To assess the potential importance of nasal cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, groups of rats were pretreated with the CYP inhibitor 5-phenyl-1-...

Introduction Feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD) is also known as feline upper respiratory infection or “cat flu”. FURTD is caused by several agents and a common problem in kitten and young cats, especially in multi-cat households, e.g. animal shelters. Upper respiratory infections in cats are one of the leading causes of euthanasia in these environments. Transmission is facilitated ...