Current concepts postulate a decisive role of the cerebellar nodulus in the processing of otolith input. We hypothesized that nodular lesions abolish otolith-perceptual integration, predicting alignment of perceived direction of earth vertical with the z-axis of the head and not with gravity. In an 80-year-old patient with acute heminodular infarction, the subjective visual vertical deviated co...

We examined a precision aiming task in which a handheld laser pointer was controlled by the postural system. The task was performed in two orientations of the body's coronal plane to the target. In the parallel orientation medio-lateral (ML) sway had to be minimized, in the perpendicular orientation antero-posterior (AP) sway had to be minimized. In the parallel orientation ML sway decreased an...

When a person standing upright raises an arm on cue, muscles of the left and right sides of the body exhibit changes prior to and specific to the responding arm. We had standing participants perform a visual lexical decision task ("is this letter string a word?"), responding yes by raising one arm and no by raising the other arm. We recorded onset of the arm movement and onset of electromyograp...

The effect of orientation on face recognition was explored by selectively altering facial components (eyes and mouth) or by changing configural information (distances between components). Regardless of the type of change, a linear increase in reaction time for same-different judgments was revealed when the faces were rotated away from upright. The analyses of error scores indicated that the det...

How stable is vertical eye-in-head position control in darkness when no visual targets are present? We evaluated this while varying both body-in-space orientation and eye-in-orbit position in six subjects who were free from oculomotor/vestibular disease. Vertical eye movements were monitored using a CCD-video tracking system, and results were confirmed on one subject with the magnetic search co...

Visual orientation cues largely determine our perceptions of "vertical," as illustrated in the Rod and Frame Illusion (RFI): an upright rod appears slanted in the opposite direction of a surrounding tilted frame. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the cortical time course of the frame's illusory influence on the perceived orientation of the rod. ERPs to an orientation discrimina...

Additive manufacturing is gaining popularity nowadays due to its applications in the automotive, medical, aerospace industries, and sports manufacture complex parts. Fused deposition modelling an additive process utilised widely lower cost, fast prototyping faster production time. The present study focuses on applying FDM composite material filament impact of parameters part quality. A was prep...

BACKGROUND Effective control of (upright) body posture requires a proper representation of body orientation. Stroke patients with pusher syndrome were shown to suffer from severely disturbed perception of own body orientation. They experience their body as oriented 'upright' when actually tilted by nearly 20 degrees to the ipsilesional side. Thus, it can be expected that postural control mechan...

[This corrects the article on p. 65 in vol. 52, PMID: 28149394.].

Little is known about the dependence of the roll angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR) on gravity or its gravity-dependent adaptive properties. To study gravity-dependent characteristics of the roll aVOR, monkeys were oscillated about a naso-occipital axis in darkness while upright or tilted. Roll aVOR gains were largest in the upright position and decreased by 7-15% as animals were tilted from...