Park-and-ride (P+R) has been identified by transport planners as a key element of any sustainability package that can help promote multi-modal trips, improve air quality and alleviate congestion in urban areas. P+R facilities are mostly situated in urban fringe areas and enable people coming from suburban and rural areas to park their cars and switch to public transport (PT) to access destinati...

introduction census data of iran show that about 68.5% (1956) to 29% (2011) of rural population has decreased over the past half-century. rural population has rapidly declined over the last half century and is influenced by several factors, one of which is rural- urban migration. although the percentage of rural to urban migration (20%) and urban to rural one (17%) from 1996 to 2006 show less d...

Cycling can improve the health of riders, reduce carbon emissions from travelling, relieve congestion in the transport network, and save health and social care costs. According to the Australian National Cycling Strategy 2011-2016, the goal is to double the number of cyclists in the next 5 years. Bike lanes play an important role in promoting bike travel in a safe and protected environment. Cur...

This paper presents two methodologies for estimating the impact of infiltration facilities on reducing stormwater runoff volumes, and pollutant loads, from urban drainage systems. The methodologies have previously been developed using derived probability distribution theory, often referred to in the literature as analytical probabilistic modelling, and differ in that they employ different hydro...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research are to conceptualize the Bicycle Safety Index (BSI) that considers all parts of the street and to propose a universal guideline with microscale details. METHOD A point system method comparing existing safety facilities to a defined standard is proposed to estimate the BSI. Two streets in Singapore and Malaysia are chosen to examine this model. RESU...

BACKGROUND The study investigated the factors associated with compliance to the recommended ≥90-day uptake of micronutrients for prevention of iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy in Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1500 women who had babies within 6 months prior to the survey, drawn from six urban, peri-urban, and rural local government areas in Enugu and Imo States of Nigeria,...