Brent D. Ryan first visited Detroit in 1993. Describing this experience, he says: ‘‘The sense of emptiness was overpowering. ... I felt as if I was walking into the ruin of America.’’ In his book ‘‘Design after decline—how America rebuilds shrinking cities,’’ Ryan tries to understand why so many American cities have been losing population, what was and is done to change the fortune of these cit...

Cities must address many challenges including air quality, climate change and the health wellbeing of communities. Public authorities developers increasingly look to improve these through implementation interventions innovations, such as low traffic neighbourhoods, deep housing retrofits green infrastructure. Monitoring impacts is essential determine success projects build evidence for broader ...

111001-5252 IJCEE-IJENS © February 2011 IJENS I J E N S Abstract— It is intended to glance at urban change from a totally different perspective whereby modernist planning is conceived as a technological-interventionist attitude towards an organic host. It is argued that city is evolving as a hybrid (of technology and natural organisms), and that it is significant to convert existing information...