which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dear Editor, Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction in the world with many complications in somatic, psychosocial and disabilities (1). Each year in the United States, around 50,000 people die after a TBI. This ...

the effect of applying cold gel pack on the anxiety of sternal incision associated with deep breathing and coughing in cardiac surgery patients    khalkhali hr [1] , ebrahimi rigi z [2] , feizi a * [3] , salehi sh [4] , salmanzadeh hr [5] , bazdar p [6]     received: 26 feb, 2013 accepted: 13 may, 2013    abstract  background & aims : coughing & deep breathing after sternotomy is along with hig...

hepatitis b vaccination coverage among teaching hospitals workers in the urmia city ali gholami, tahereh alinia , leila moosavi jahromi * received: 25 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract introduction: hepatitis b virus infection is a well recognized risk for healthcare workers (hcws). for protect hcws of hepatitis b, vaccination has been recommended. the aim of this study is survey of...

relationship between critical thinking dispositions and academic achivement in urmia secondary school students     vahdat r [1] , zeinali a [2] , ahmadi doyran z [3] *     received: 2 sep, 2011 accepted: 5 dec, 2011     abstract   background& aims : these days critical thinking has been introduced as the main output of education by field experts. they notice teaching of thinking as a principal ...

hip protectors and their role in hip fracture prevention    hemmati maslak pak m [1] , ganaei r [2]    received: 26 jan, 2011 accepted: 19 apr, 2011   abstract  background & aims: hip fractures in the elderly are the most common orthopedic injury and puts high financial stress the family and society. mortality in hip fracture is 20 percent compared with deaths from other orthopedic problems. th...

sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent parasites of domestic ruminants worldwide. this study was aimed to determine prevalence of sarcocystis infection and molecular discrimination of sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis medusiformis infecting domestic sheep. tissue samples from 638 sheep slaughtered at urmia abattoir were randomly collected from february 2011 to january 2012. genomic dna ext...