Synaptic efficacy is modified following a brief train of high frequency stimulation (HFS) to a cell's afferent fibers (long-term potentiation, LTP). Modulation of synaptic efficacy could be achieved through changes in excitability of interneurons. To test this hypothesis, we used the in vitro hippocampal slice to record intracellularly from CA1 basket cell interneurons before and following a pe...

The credit derivatives market has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade. As such, there is a growing interest in tools for pricing of the most prominent credit derivative, the credit default swap (CDS). In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm for pricing of basket default swaps (BDS). For this purpose, genetic network programming (GNP), which is one of the recent evolutiona...

Indocyanine Green (ICG) is frequently used during urologic robotic procedures and is generally considered to be safe. However, there are reported cases of severe complications from ICG when used for non-urologic purposes. We present the first case to our knowledge of anaphylactic shock in response to intravenous ICG during a robotic partial nephrectomy.

The term "afferent neurourology" is introduced to describe the study of sensory processing related to the genitourinary tract. Urologic disorders that are characterized by abnormal sensory processing are reviewed, and unique challenges to our understanding of these disorders are described. A paradigm which separates afferent urologic disorders from efferent disorders and structural abnormalitie...

Urologic trauma continues to be a dynamic and evolving subspecialty of urology. This is evident by the trauma papers published this past year. Highlights of the 2011 literature include a needed revision of renal trauma grading, increased use of large population-based datasets and multiple papers examining the use of angioembolization. Buckley and McAninch (1) revised the current American Associ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing basket cells encompass a subclass of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that regulate memoryforming oscillatory network activity of the hippocampal formation in accordance to the emotional and motivational state of the animal, conveyed onto these cells by respective extrahippocampal afferents. Various excitatory and inhibitory afferent and efferent synapses of th...