Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a prominent research topic in academia and industry, with many applications such as ocean, seismic, environmental, seabed explorations. The main challenges deploying UWSN high ocean interference noise, which results longer propagation time, low bandwidth, changes network topology. To mitigate these problems, routing protocols have been identified ...

With the emerging technology in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), many researchers are undergoing this field since it cannot maintain batteries and recharge them manually. Network duration should be taken into account because they can easily recharged by a non-conventional resource like solar energy. When coming to data collection process, clustering is an effective method construct v...

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) plays key role in the underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), which have been widely employed for both scientific and commercial applications. UWOC offers high transmission data rates, security, low latency between nodes UWSNs. However, significant absorption scattering loss channels, due to ocean water conditions, can introduce highly non-linear dis...

Underwater acoustic network is one of the rapidly growing areas of research and finds different applications for monitoring and collecting various data for environmental studies. The communication among dynamic nodes and high error probability in an acoustic medium forced to maximize energy consumption in Underwater Sensor Networks (USN) than in traditional sensor networks. Developing energy-ef...

Recent research has seen remarkable advancement in the field of Under Water Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Many different protocols are developed in the recent years in this domain. As these protocols can be categorized in a variety of ways according to the mechanisms and functionalities they follow, hence it becomes important to understand their principal working. In this research we have introduced...

In this paper, we propose a new metric to measure the spatial reuse efficiency in networks: the spatial reuse index. We observed that the spatial reuse index in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is significantly lower than in RF networks due to the relatively low spreading loss of acoustic signals. As a result, UWSNs generally have much lower network throughput. To address this problem, we pro...