A previously healthy eight-month-old infant presented with shortness of breath and pyrexia. He was found to have purulent pericarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, complicated by acute renal failure due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome. He received peritoneal dialysis and recovered with normalisation of renal function. This case highlights two important complications of pneumococcal infection...

the results showed success of the health system to detect suspected cases of the measles and appropriate sampling from suspected cases that were more than expected. in addition, per every one million population of iran in 2014, 1.27 of cases of measles were reported; that a numbers of confirmed cases observed in afghan refugees. low levels of immunization coverage in eastern neighboring countri...

Because of the severe complications that may result from varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection following renal transplantation (Tx), transplanted varicella-susceptible children exposed to varicella are typically given varicella zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) as prophylaxis or are admitted and treated with parenteral acyclovir if VZIG prophylaxis fails. As both VZIG and hospitalization are costly...

BACKGROUND The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in early infancy is unclear and may be related to vaccination schedule, dosage, vaccine type and population characteristics. Factors potentially influencing waning immunity were assessed. METHODS A systematic review was performed. The main outcomes were prevalence of anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10 mIU/mL after primary or boo...

Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) occasionally leads to acute liver failure and has a higher fatality rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Vaccination of patients with HCV against HAV is effective and well tolerated. This study examines the cost-effectiveness of HAV vaccination in North American patients with chronic HCV. A decision analysis model was constructed to compa...