Important parameters of an organic semiconductor material are the electronic band gap (Eg) and position highest occupied lowest unoccupied bands versus vacuum. These called valence conduction for inorganic semiconductors. For semiconductors defining often molecular orbital (HOMO) (LUMO). One advantage semiconducting polymers is ability to tune HOMO LUMO levels by chemical design. The photovolta...

This work addresses several important topics of the field of organic electronics. The focus lies on organic/metal interfaces, which exist in all organic electronic devices. Physical properties of such interfaces are crucial for device performance. Four main topics have been covered: (i) the impact of molecular orientation on the energy levels, (ii) energy level tuning with strong electron accep...

Homeland security and military defense technology considerations have stimulated intense interest in mobile, high power sources of millimeter-wave mmw to terahertz THz regime electromagnetic radiation, from 0.1 to 10 THz. While vacuum electronic sources are a natural choice for high power, the challenges have yet to be completely met for applications including noninvasive sensing of concealed w...

<p class="MDPI16affiliation">In the modern world, Integrated Circuits (ICs) are an essential component of any electronic device, and it is practically impossible to imagine a world without them. When addressing energy consumption or environmental issues, many people, including researchers, tend focus solely on power plants. However, today, there billions devices, each containing numerous ...

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (SXS) techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy are efficient and direct tools to probe electronic structures of materials. Traditionally, these surface sensitive soft X-ray techniques that detect electrons or photons require high vacuum to operate. Many recent in situ instrument developments of thes...

 The two-dimensional structure of graphene, consisting of an isotropic hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms, shows fascinating electronic properties, such as a gapless energy band and Dirac fermion behavior of electrons at fermi surface. Anisotropy can be induced in this structure by electrochemical pressure. In this article, by using tight-binding method, we review anisotropy effects in the elect...

We present characterization results of integrated vacuum gaps in semiconductors and report the highest breakdown field dielectric layers ever recorded within microfabricated semiconductor devices. Difficulties associated with presence high electric fields could be overcome by using cylindrical capacitors silicon electrodes that were manufactured standard technology. With this approach, up to 6 ...