The results of large clinical trials have led physicians and patients to question the safety of hormone therapy for menopause. In the past, physicians prescribed hormone therapy to improve overall health and prevent cardiac disease, as well as for symptoms of menopause. Combined estrogen/progestogen therapy, but not estrogen alone, increases the risk of breast cancer when used for more than thr...

Unlike hot flushes and night sweats which resolve spontaneously in time, atrophic symptoms affecting the vagina and lower urinary tract are often progressive and frequently require treatment. The prevalence of vaginal dryness increases as a woman advances through the postmenopausal years, causing itching, burning and dyspareunia, and sexual activity is often compromised. But, despite the variou...

Vaginal dryness is a common condition that is particularly prevalent during and after the menopause, and is one of the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The impact of vaginal dryness on interpersonal relationships, quality of life, daily activities, and sexual function can be significant, but is frequently underestimated. Furthermore, barriers exist to treatm...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of thermo-ablative fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of symptoms related to vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA) in post-menopausal women. METHODS From April 2013 to December 2013, post-menopausal patients who complained of one or more VVA-related symptoms and who underwent vaginal treatment with fractional CO2 laser were enrolled in the study. A...

Background: Vulvovaginal atrophy is an inflammatory condition linked with estrogenic deficiency, as well as decreased lubrication. The study aimed at the objective measurements of vaginal moisture (RH%), in fertile women and in postmenopausal women before and during treatment with a non-estrogenic moisturizing gel. Methods: The study followed a stepwise design. Acute: 5 women with postmenopausa...

Abstract Introduction Post-menopasual women experience changes in vaginal flora and atrophy that have been associated with declining estrogen levels. These to the microenvironment often lead significant genital pain discomfort during sexual intercourse. Vaginal treats thereby restoring flora, which prevents UTIs improves function post-menopausal women. While is effective, some patients contrain...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptance of a vaginal ring delivering the equivalent of 50 or 100 microg per day of estradiol (E2), compared with placebo, for relief of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women. METHODS Women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (seven or more per day or 56 per week average) received 13 w...

BACKGROUND This study investigated a novel fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treatment of symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) in perimenopausal women. METHODS The study included 21 perimenopausal women (mean age 45±7 years) treated three times by CO2 laser resurfacing and coagulation of the vaginal canal tissue and mucosal tissue of the introitus. Vaginal health index ...

Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy, resulting from decreased estrogen production, frequently requires treatment. Estrogen preparations provide the most effective treatment; local application is preferred to systemic drugs when treating only vaginal symptoms. As local estrogen therapies have comparable efficacy, this study aimed to understand treatment practices, assess experiences with different fo...