In general, enveloped viruses use two different entry strategies and are classified accordingly into pH-dependent and pH-independent viruses. Different members of the retrovirus family use one or the other strategy. Little is known about the uptake of foamy viruses (FV), a special group of retroviruses, into the target cells. In this study, we examined the pH dependence of FV entry by analyzing...

Single-chain Fv antibody fragments from the CD20-specific murine monoclonal antibody B9E9 were genetically engineered as streptavidin fusions [single-chain Fv-streptavidin (scFvSA) fusion protein] for use in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. The scFvSA constructs were expressed as soluble, tetrameric species in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Expression levels were affected by the order of the...

Blockage of Delta-like 4 (DLL4)-directed Notch signaling induces excessive tip cell formation and endothelial proliferation resulting in dysfunctional angiogenesis in tumors. MMGZ01, as a murine anti-human DLL4 monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to human DLL4 and blocks Notch pathway. Here, the structure of MMGZ01 variable fragment (Fv) was established and framework region (FR) residues wh...

OBJECT The object of this study was to investigate whether a failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation contributes to the relationship between age and outcome in patients following head injury. METHODS Data obtained from continuous bedside monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = ABP - ICP) in 358 patients with head injur...

In order to treat Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated diseases, we generated a potent antagonistic antibody directed against human TLR4, Hu 15C1. This antibody's potency can be modulated by engaging not only TLR4 but also Fcγ receptors (FcγR), a mechanism that is driven by avidity and not cell signaling. Here, using various formats of the antibody, we further dissect the relative contributions...

All 377 dry skulls were examined for the occurrence and morphometry of the foramen of Vesalius (FV) both in the middle cranial fossa and at the extracranial view of the skull base. There were 25.9% and 10.9% of FV found at the extracranial view of the skull base and in the middle cranial fossa, respectively. Total patent FV were 16.1% (11.9% unilaterally and 4.2% bilaterally). Most FV were foun...

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in Cypriot adolescents. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The Republic of Cyprus. SUBJECTS A total of 1966 adolescents with a mean age of 14·7 (SD 2·2) years from nine elementary (n 448), six middle (n 657), five high (n 475) and five technical/vocational schools (n 386) in Cyprus. Participant...

This Technical Note outlines an adjoint complement to a critical building block of pressure-based Finite-Volume (FV) flow solvers that employ collocated variable arrangement simulate virtually incompressible fluids. The focal point is strengthen the pressure-velocity coupling by using Momentum-Weighted Interpolation (MWI) strategy. To this end, analogies established primal MWI techniques are de...

antibiotic belonging to bafilomycin, AH-1763 IIa3), a new antibiotic belonging to pluramycin group and fattiviracin Al4), a new antibiotic belonging to sugar-fatty acid lactone. Streptomyces microflavus strain No. 2445 turned out to produce at least 13 derivatives of fattiviracin (fattiviracin FV-1 to FV-13). They were isolated from culture filtrate by using column chromatographies on Diaion HP...

Most U.S. youth fail to eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (FV) however many consume too many calories as added sugars and solid fats, often as snacks. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with serving FV as snacks and with meals using parent-child dyads. A cross-sectional sample of U.S. children aged 9 to 18, and their caregiver/parent (n=1522) were part of a...