BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Identifying which patients with varicose veins are at risk of progressing to more severe forms of chronic venous disease could help in assigning clinical priorities and targeting appropriate treatments. The aim of this study was to determine, in subjects with varicose veins, the characteristics of venous disease and other factors associated with an increased risk of ulcerat...

There is the need to develop a universally accepted standard investigation for recurrent varicose veins. Duplex venous imaging offers a precise, non-invasive technique to make anatomic and hemodynamic diagnoses. A routine protocol of duplex imaging of recurrent varicose veins is described based on the known recurrent sources of reflux from deep to superficial veins. Results from this protocol i...

V ar ic os e V ei ns Endovenous interventions have transformed the treatment of varicose veins during the past decade. Interest in minimally invasive endovenous thermal ablation of the saphenous vein has substantially increased due to multiple reasons. Both radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) can be performed as an office procedure; they are less invasive and usual...

BACKGROUND Varicose veins are common and can impact patients' quality of life, but consensus regarding the evaluation of varicose vein symptoms is lacking and existing measures have limitations. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to develop and establish the content validity of a new electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure, the VVSymQ® instrument, to assess symptoms of superficial venous...

Pelvic varicose veins secondary to ovarian vein reflux are common and can present with clinical pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). After assessment with duplex ultrasound and venography, treatment often involves surgical ovarian vein ligation and more recently embolization of the ovarian vein(s) followed by ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) of the pelvic tributaries. This paper present...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that magnesium may be a useful adjuvant to postoperative analgesia. METHODS We randomized adults undergoing ambulatory ilioinguinal hernia repair or varicose vein operation under general anesthesia (propofol, fentanyl, isoflurane-N2O) to receive magnesium sulfate 4 g IV or physiological saline after induction. All patients preoperatively received dic...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using dexmedetomidine for its sedative and analgesic effect during varicose vein surgery. METHODS Forty-two patients, who underwent varicose vein surgery, were divided into the MAC group (n = 20) or the spinal anesthesia group (n = 22) for randomized clinical trial. In the MAC ...