BACKGROUND Physical activity reduces the risk of vascular disease. This benefit is not entirely explained through an effect on vascular risk factors. We examined the relationship of physical activity and characteristics of the carotid artery wall in patients with vascular disease or risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 9578 patients from the SMART (Seco...

Blood perfusion in tumors can be significantly lower than that in the surrounding normal tissue owing to the leakiness and/or compression of tumor blood vessels. Impaired perfusion reduces oxygen supply and results in a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia promotes tumor progression and immunosuppression, and enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Furthermore, poor perfusi...

Glenny, Robb W., Susan L. Bernard, and Wayne J. Lamm. Hemodynamic effects of 15-mm-diameter microspheres on the rat pulmonary circulation. J Appl Physiol 89: 499–504, 2000.—The microsphere method has been used extensively to measure regional blood flow in large laboratory animals. A fundamental premise of the method is that microspheres do not alter regional flow or vascular tone. Whereas this ...

The development of vascular grafts has focused on finding a biomaterial that is non-thrombogenic, minimizes intimal hyperplasia, matches the mechanical properties of native vessels and allows for regeneration of arterial tissue. In this study, the structural and mechanical properties and the vascular cell compatibility of electrospun recombinant human tropoelastin (rTE) were evaluated as a pote...

BACKGROUND Vascular function is impaired in patients with diabetes, however diabetic vascular dysfunction is ameliorated by exercise training. We aimed to clarify which hindlimb arterial segments are affected by treadmill running in the hindlimbs of streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice in vivo. METHODS Mice were divided into 3 groups; healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic-runni...

The branching pattern and vascular geometry of biological tree structure are complex. Here we show that the design of all vascular trees for which there exist morphometric data in the literature (e.g., coronary, pulmonary; vessels of various skeletal muscles, mesentery, omentum, and conjunctiva) obeys a set of scaling laws that are based on the hypothesis that the cost of construction of the tr...

Renal vascular resistance is an important feature of kidney function and disease. To maintain adequate blood flow, renal vascular resistance varies in response to changes in systemic pressure. Vascular resistance is largely determined by arteriolar diameter, which is regulated by local and systemic factors. We used quantitative ultrasound techniques to follow renal vascular changes in anestheti...

Tightly regulated remodeling of arterial tissues is essential for survival in all vertebrate species. Arterial remodeling tunes development of the vasculature to the changing metabolic demands of embryonic tissues, it accommodates the extraordinary and diverse adjustments of cardiovascular function that occur at birth in both mother and neonate, and it adapts vascular structure to a host of phy...

vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a multifunctional cytokine with distinct functions in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, and hematopoiesis. vegf is a highly conserved, disulfide-bonded dimeric glycoprotein of 34 to 45 kda produced by several cell types including fibroblasts, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly t ...