The oil producing country needs a real view of its oil reserves and the forecasts of production, to cover its annual expenditures. The most influence is on their market value which mostly depends on their reserves. Oil companies can build better investment portfolios or divest in particular fields. Finally, the investors and global bankers seek to use better data for comparing investment opport...

Limited reserves of fossil fuels and their negative environmental effects impose significant problems in our energy security and sustainability. Consequently, researchers are looking for renewable energy sources, for instance solar energy, to meet the energy demands of a growing world population. However, terrestrial solar energy is a dilute resource per foot‐ print area and is intermittent sho...

We examined the ability of the two hard coral species Agaricia tenuifolia and Porites furcata to store lipids under natural conditions, under experimental starvation (weekly vs. daily feeding) and under heat stress. P. furcata fed more and accumulated greater lipid quantities than A. tenuifolia. Overall, lipid levels in situ showed an inverse relationship to turbidity and eutrophication with hi...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org N gas drilling has dramatically expanded with advances in extraction technology and the need for cleaner burning fuels that will help meet global energy demands. Natural gas is considered a “bridge fuel” to renewable energy resources because its combustion releases fewer contaminants (eg carbon dioxide [CO2], nitrogen oxide [NOx], s...

Reproduction is energetically expensive for both sexes, but the magnitude of expenditure and its relationship to reproductive success differ fundamentally between males and females. Males allocate relatively little to gamete production and, thus, can reproduce successfully with only minor energy investment. In contrast, females of many species experience high fecundity-independent costs of repr...

Males of most anuran species (frogs and toads) vocalize to attract mates. However, individuals of many vocal species may also adopt alternative noncalling ‘‘satellite’’ tactics. Satellite males characteristically remain in close proximity to calling conspecifics and attempt to intercept incoming females attracted to advertising males. Emerson proposed that alternation between calling and noncal...

Gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) undergo a terrestrial postweaning fast (PWF) that depletes energy reserves acquired during the suckling interval. Plasticity in PWF duration may ensure that pups of variable body condition depart for sea with adequate energy reserves. To test this hypothesis, we examined body condition of 30 gray seal pups at weaning and monitored their PWF duration. On average, ...

Reproduction is energetically expensive for both sexes, but the magnitude of expenditure and its relationship to reproductive success differ fundamentally between males and females. Males allocate relatively little to gamete production and, thus, can reproduce successfully with only minor energy investment. In contrast, females of many species experience high fecundity-independent costs of repr...

In gammarids, behavioural and biochemical biomarkers are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies. In our study, we have investigated seasonal variations of several biochemical biomarkers in Gammarus roeseli, a freshwater species. Organisms were sampled monthly over a 1-year period. Gender was distinguished to measure antioxidant enzyme activities like total glutathione peroxidase (GPxtot), se...