A study of 90 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy revealed a typical configuration of the spatial vectorcardiogram in most of the subjects. Typically the QRS stY-loop was smooth, wide and rounded, inscribed in a counterclockwise direction and placed largely to the left and above the iso-electric point in its frontal plane projection. The left sagittal plane projection of the QRS stY-loop...

A set of vectorcardiograms recorded during the parabolic flights of a laboratory aircraft was analyzed. It was found that alteration of the gravitation resulted in a linear transformation (rotation and dilatation) of the QRS loop, and only in few cases with disturbances of the heart function the changes of the ECG shape were nonlinear and more complicated. Abrupt changes in the depolarization p...

IN THE preceding communication' the results of the vectorcardiographic examination of 161 cases of myocardial infarction employing the cube system2 were described. In the present report the results are given for 206 cases studied by the Frank system. The purpose of this study is to determine the practical value of this corrected lead system, which has been reported to possess many theoretical a...

THE formation of a model is an important phase of all scientific thinking in that it serves to demonstrate or explain the workings of an inherently complex natural system in terms that can be more readily understood. In electrocardiography, the Einthoven tri-angle' has been used for years as a relatively simple geometric model of an essentially complex volume conductor, the human torso. This mo...

Until the mid-1980s, it was believed that the vectorcardiogram presented a greater specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to the conventional electrocardiogram, in the diagnosis of the different heart diseases. Recent studies revealed that the vectorcardiogram still is superior to the electrocardiogram in very specific situations, such as in the evaluation of electrically inactive ...

We present a computationally efficient three-dimensional bidomain model of torso-embedded whole heart electrical activity, with spontaneous initiation of activation in the sinoatrial node, incorporating a specialized conduction system with heterogeneous action potential morphologies throughout the heart. The simplified geometry incorporates the whole heart as a volume source, with heart cavitie...

One hundred and one children with cystic fibrosis had detailed studies of the vectorcardiograms and pulmonary function tests. The vectorcardiographic diagnoses were (1) right ventricular hypertrophy (14 patients), (2) right ventricular hypertrophv plus abnormally posterior vector (24 patients), (3) abnormally posterior vector (26 patients), (4) low voltage (nine patients), and (5) tracing withi...

In the clinical detection of right ventricular hypertrophy, the electrocardiogram traditionally has been the most useful guide. Yet the fact that no unanimity exists in regard to the electrocardiographic criteria for this diagnosis suggests a lack of specificity of the method. In fact, in some series, with right ventricular hypertrophy proven at necropsy, the accuracy of the electrocardiographi...