A posteromedian muscle ridge is found in the left ventricle between the two atrioventricular valves in congenital malformations of the heart, where malalignment exists between the ventricular septum and the junction ofboth atrioventricular valve rings; this is seen in transposition with straddling tricuspid valve and double inlet ventricle with outflow chamber. In hearts with normal alignment o...

Coronary artery fistulae are usually identified during invasive coronary angiographies. However, in this case, we made the early detection of coronary artery fistulae during non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography, by demonstrating diastolic multiple abnormal color Doppler flows on the entire left ventricular walls including left ventricular free wall, interventricular septum and apex, whic...

In muscular pulmonary atresia, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries are characteristic of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and are rarely seen in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Two unusual cases of muscular pulmonary atresia are reported, one with an intact septum and one with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, closed in utero by aneurysmal tricus...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between QT variables and disproportion of left ventricular wall hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the results of echocardiography and electrocardiography. SETTING University hospital (tertiary referral centre). PATIENTS 70 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were divided into four groups acco...

Objective: To evaluate the relation between QT variables and disproportion of left ventricular wall hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Design: Retrospective analysis of the results of echocardiography and electrocardiography. Setting: University hospital (tertiary referral centre). Patients: 70 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were divided into four groups accord...

Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a common arrhythmia, sometimes presenting as highly symptomatic and drug-resistant ectopy and more rarely as a reduction in left ventricular function. Common sites of PVCs include the right and left ventricular outflow tracts, the mitral annulus, and the aortic cusps. In addition, the right ventricular septum in the vicinity of the His bu...

a 51-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with palpitation and atypical chest pain. he had a history of percutaneous mitral valve commissurotomy 20 years previously. he did not use any drugs. physical examination was unremarkable except for a loud s1 on auscultation. the surface electrocardiogram (ecg) showed atrial fibrillation rhythmwith rapid ventricular response and right b...

Congenital aneurysms of the interventricular septum were found in a 29 year old man and his four year old son. Both were symptom free. In both, M mode and cross sectional echocardiography showed an aneurysm in the mid-muscular trabecular portion of the ventricular septum with considerable paradoxical motion of the aneurysmal segment. Otherwise the chamber dimensions, intracardiac structures, an...

Aneurysm of the interventricular membranous septum is a very rare cardiac anomaly in the absence of ventricular septal defect. We report the case of a 22-year-old man with aneurysm of the interventricular membranous septum incidentally determined during aortic valve surgery. The patient underwent successful aortic valve replacement and aneurysm repair. Patients with the aneurysm of the interven...