For each positive integer \(k\), a simple graph \(G\) of order \(p\) is said to be \(k\)-prime labeling if there exists an injective function \(f\) whose labels are from \(k\) \(k+p-1\) that induces \(f^{+}:E(G)\to N\) the edges defined by \(f^{+}(uv)=\gcd(f(u),f(v))\), \(\forall\) \(e=uv \in E(G)\) such every pair neighbouring vertices relatively prime. This type known as graph. In this paper,...

A graph $G$ is $k$-$weighted-list-antimagic$ if for any vertex weighting $\omega\colon V(G)\to\mathbb{R}$ and list assignment $L\colon E(G)\to2^{\mathbb{R}}$ with $|L(e)|\geq |E(G)|+k$ there exists an edge labeling $f$ such that $f(e)\in L(e)$ all $e\in E(G)$, labels of edges are pairwise distinct, the sum on incident to a plus weight distinct from at every other vertex. In this paper we prove ...

Refinement operators for triangular meshes as used in subdivision schemes or remeshing are discussed. A numbering scheme is presented, covering all refinement operators that (topologically) map vertices onto vertices. Using this characterization, some special properties of n-adic and √ 3-subdivision are easy to see.

The Graceful Tree Conjecture claims that every finite simple tree of order n can be vertex labeled with integers {1, 2, ...n} so that the absolute values of the differences of the vertex labels of the end-vertices of edges are all distinct. That is, a graceful labeling of a tree is a vertex labeling f , a bijection f : V (Tn) −→ {1, 2, ...n}, that induces an edge labeling g(uv) = |f(u)− f(v)| t...

An L(2, 1)-labeling (or distance two labeling) of a graph G is a function f from the vertex set V (G) to the set of all nonnegative integers such that |f(x) − f(y)| ≥ 2 if d(x, y) = 1 and |f(x) − f(y)| ≥ 1 if d(x, y) = 2. The L(2, 1)-labeling number λ(G) of G is the smallest number k such that G has an L(2, 1)-labeling with max{f(v) : v ∈ V (G)} = k. In this paper we completely determine the λ-...

In this paper we introduce a new type of graph labeling, the (a, d)vertex-antimagic total labeling, which is a generalization of several other types of labelings. A connected graph G(V, E) is said to be (a, d)-vertex-antimagic total if there exist positive integers a, d and a bijection λ : V ∪ E → {1, 2, . . . , |V | + |E|} such that the induced mapping gλ : V → W is also a bijection, where W =...

Let G = (V;E) be a graph. A total labeling ψ : V ⋃ E → {1, 2, ....k} is called totally irregular k-labeling of if every two distinct vertices u and v in (G) satisfy wt(u) ≠wt(v); edges u1u2 v1v2 E(G) wt(u1u2) ≠ wt(v1v2); where (u) + ∑uv∊E(G) ψ(uv) ψ(u1) ψ(u1u2) ψ(u2): The minimum k for which graph has the irregularity strength G, denoted by ts(G): In this paper, we determine exact value cubic g...

The study of valuations of graphs is a relatively young part of graph theory. In this article we survey what is known about certain graph valuations, that is, labeling methods: antimagic labelings, edge-magic total labelings and vertex-magic total labelings.

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges. A total neighborhood prime labeling of is in which the edges are assigned labels from 1 to + such that gcd each non degree vertex equal 1. admits called graph. In this paper, we examine trees as (n, k, m) double star trees, spiders, caterpillars firecrackers.