BACKGROUND Alerts in the cockpit must be robust, difficult to ignore, and easily recognized. Tactile alerts can provide means to direct the pilot's attention in the already visual-auditory overloaded cockpit environment. OBJECTIVE This research examined the thigh as a placement for vibrotactile display in the cockpit. The authors (a) report initial findings concerning the loci and properties ...

statement of the problem: in the evolution of orthodontics, the changes in soft tissue, especially smile line attracts considerable attention. purpose: the present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation of the smile line with the vertical parameters of anterior part of face. materials and methods: forty-six iranian adults, aged between 18-25 years were selected. five quantitative and...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Orthodontists generally agree that nonextraction treatment is associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in the lower anterior face height (LAFH). They also agree that extraction line of treatment is associated with upward and forward rotation of the mandible and decrease in the LAFH. The intent of this cephalometric investigation was to e...