A new method for online measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in anerobic digesters has been developed based on headspace gas chromatography (HSGC). The method applies ex situ VFA stripping with variable headspace volume and gas analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). In each extraction, digester sample was acidified with H(3)PO(4) and NaHSO(4), then heated to st...

BACKGROUND Significant associations between visceral fat and alterations in plasma fatty acids have been identified in overweight individuals. However, there are scant data regarding the relationships of the visceral fat area (VFA) with the plasma fatty acid profiles and desaturase activities following weight loss. We investigated the effect of weight loss with mild calorie restriction on the c...

The success of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) depends on the constant availability of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To reduce costs, waste streams would be a preferred source. Since VFAs were shown to vary in the incoming sewage and fermentate from primary sludge the next available source is waste activated sludge (WAS). The opportunity is particularly good in plants where WAS is ...

BACKGROUND WHO recommends regular viral load (VL) monitoring of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for timely detection of virological failure, prevention of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and avoiding unnecessary switching to second-line ART. However, the cost and complexity of routine VL testing remains prohibitive in most resource limited settings (RLS). We evaluated a simple, lo...

Recent articles by van Winsen et al. (2001) (16) and van der Wielen et al. (2000) (14) have described the measurements of lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the hind guts (ceca and colons) of pigs and broiler chickens, respectively, in an attempt to link these concentrations with the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria. In broiler chickens, the concentrations of lactate and acetate in ...

W e and others (1–9) have shown that the accumulation of visceral fat is associated with multiple risk factor syndrome more closely than with the BMI itself or the amount of subcutaneous fat. In these studies, computed tomography (CT) scan at the umbilical level (10) was used for the assessment of visceral fat area (VFA). However, the method is not cost-effective and/or radiation exposure is pr...

BACKGROUND Visceral fat plays a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The association of visceral fat accumulation with cardio-metabolic diseases has been reported, but the impact of visceral fat on the gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vis...

BACKGROUND Although it has been demonstrated that visceral adipose tissue content and serum levels of adiponectin are associated with metabolic syndrome, their predictive potential for the development of metabolic syndrome remains to be elucidated. METHODS We studied 1,130 participants of the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome cohort. A total of 337 subjects without metabolic syndrome underwent the fol...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the impact of increased visceral adiposity with normal weight (OB[-]VA[+]) on the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 140 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 ± 11 year; 44.6% women). Visceral fat area (VFA; cm(2) ) and liver attenuation index...

Starch sludge (SS) is a bulky main waste from modified tapioca starch production, high potential substrate for alternative volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Because it has relatively organic content in SS easy and fast to convert into VFA. However, there are limitations when fed overloading rate anaerobic digestion (AD) system affecting the VFA production yield performance. This research a...