Three-dimensional Li ion microbatteries are known for their high surface area which leads to high current and capacity compared to traditional planar batteries. This paper describes economical approaches to prepare half 3D microbatteries based on silicon microchannel plates (MCP). The high aspect ratio silicon MCP is formed by electrochemical etching and a nickel layer is coated onto the silico...

Dental microwear of Late Miocene artiodactyls from Afghanistan can yield information on paleodiet and thus inferences can be drawn about their paleoenvironment. The ‘‘Molayan’’ locality lies at the border between the Greek–Iranian and Siwalik bioprovinces. Knowledge of the paleoenvironment will further our understanding of the faunal exchanges between these two provinces during the Late Miocene...

background and purpose: the internet offers a wide range of online digital resources for the field of toxicology. methods: the history of toxicology and electronic data collections are reviewed. this review presents a brief and non-comprehensive overview of a representative sampling of some of the broad array of toxicology-related learning, tutorial and information resources now becoming widely...

Most human transcripts are alternatively spliced, and many disease-causing mutations affect RNA splicing. Toward better modeling the sequence determinants of alternative splicing, we measured the splicing patterns of over two million (M) synthetic mini-genes, which include degenerate subsequences totaling over 100 M bases of variation. The massive size of these training data allowed us to impro...

Three dimensional (3D) Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures combine the benefits of new integration technologies with NoC-style interconnection of large number of IP cores in a single package. In this work, we propose a fully softwaresupported exploration methodology capable of defining pattern-based, alternative, interconnection topologies for application-specific multi-layered 3D NoC architect...

Alternative splicing is now recognized as a ubiquitous mechanism for controlling gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. A growing body of work from the past few years as begun to also highlight the existence of networks of signal-responsive alternative splicing in a variety of cell types. While the mechanisms by which signal transduction pathways influence the splicing machinery are relat...

Identification of splice sites is essential for the expression of most eukaryotic genes, allowing accurate splicing of pre-mRNAs. The splice sites are recognized by the splicing machinery based on sequences within the pre-mRNA. Here, we show that the exon sequences at the splice junctions play a significant, previously unrecognized role in the selection of 3' splice sites during the second step...

Thermal performances of 3D IC integration system-in-package (SiP) with TSV (through silicon via) interposer/chip are investigated based on heat-transfer and CFD (computational fluid dynamic) analyses. Emphases are placed on the determination of (1) the equivalent thermal conductivity of interposers/chips with various copper-filled, aluminum-filled, and polymer w/o filler filled TSV diameters, p...

In the race against Moores Law, integrated chips (ICs) with multiple dies stacked over one another and connected by ThroughSilicon Vias (TSVs), called 3D TSV-Stacked ICs (SICs) have attracted a fair amount of research [1]–[5]. Due to imperfections in IC manufacturing, each individual chip must be tested. Testing each IC, increases cost, which is highly related to the testing time spent on each ...