When economic agents have access to both a continuous variable and a discrete signal based on that variable, theory suggests that the signal should have no bearing on behavior conditional on the variable itself. Numerous empirical studies, many based on the regression discontinuity design, have contradicted this basic prediction. We examine one such scenario, involving the educational accountab...

Researchers often estimate average treatment effects of programs without investigating heterogeneity across units. Yet, individuals, firms, regions, or countries vary in their ability, e.g., to utilize transfers. We analyze Objective 1 Structural Funds transfers of the European Commission to regions of EU member states below a certain income level by way of a regression discontinuity design wit...

Does Head Start Improve Children's Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design This paper exploits a new source of variation in Head Start funding to identify the program’s effects on health and schooling. In 1965 the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) provided technical assistance to the 300 poorest counties to develop Head Start proposals. The result was a large and lastin...

In this paper, we define and study two operators $Phi^s$ and $Psi^s$ with grill. Characterization and basic properties of these operators are obtained. Also, we generalize a grill topological spaces via topology $tau^s$ induced from operators $Phi^s$ and $Psi^s$.

We demonstrate here that thiol-ene chemistry can be used to provide side-chain functionalized monomers based on 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) containing ionic, neutral, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic side chains. All reactions gave high yields and purification could generally be accomplished through precipitation. These monomers were polymerized either chemically or electro-chemically to g...

A central question in human development is what causes health inequalities over the life cycle. We link a harsh environment in the teen years to individuals’ health conditions almost 40 years later, and employ Regression Discontinuity Design to make a causal inference between adolescent adversity and long-term health. Specifically, we exploit the mandatory “send-down” policy during China’s Cult...

The randomized controlled trial and comparison group quasi-experimental design standards published in 2008 are reproduced in this document, along with the pilot standards for regression discontinuity designs and single-case designs that were completed in 2010.

Self-configuration in wireless sensor networks is a general class of estimation problems that we study via the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB). Specifically, we consider sensor location estimation when sensors measure received signal strength (RSS) or time-of-arrival (TOA) between themselves and neighboring sensors. A small fraction of sensors in the network have a known location, whereas the remaining ...

“They lived together with nine other chimpanzees in an enriched outdoor compound with attached indoor residences31.” And lastly, “All chimpanzees had extensive experience with cognitive tasks using a touch screen23 and some of the experiments included auditory cues as a discriminative stimulus31,32,33. Studies on social interactions between chimpanzees have also been conducted under various exp...

With the increasing use of mobile computing devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), and an expansion of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), there is growing interest in an indoor Wireless Positioning Systems (WPS) based on WLAN infrastructure. This paper describes a WPS that uses the signal strength of WLAN transmissions from/to WLAN Access Points to determine the position of the mo...