Previous work investigating the performance of genetic algorithms (GAs) has attempted to develop a set of fitness landscapes, called “Royal Roads” functions, which should be ideally suited for search with GAs. Surprisingly, many studies have shown that genetic algorithms actually perform worse than random mutation hill-climbing on these landscapes, and several different explanations have been o...

We automate the organization of GPS data to create a visibility map with correctly connected intersections. For our example case study, we use GPS data collected on the Swarthmore College campus. After the data is automatically organized and cleaned, a user is able to select points on a visual map to search for an optimal path between those points. 1 The Problem of Navigation Swarthmore College...

Retraction This article [1] has been retracted by the Editor. Figure 1 (panels: A, C, D, E, F), 2 (panels: A, E, F, G, H) and 4, as well as parts of the text, were duplicated from Tian et al., 2012 [2]. The findings of this study are therefore unreliable. The Editor has been unable to confirm with Southern Medical University whether an institutional investigation has taken place. We have not be...

Digital image manipulation software is now readily available on personal computers. It is therefore very simple to tamper with any image and make it available to others. Insuring digital image integrity has therefore become a major issue. Watermarking has become a popular technique for copyright enforcement and image authentication. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of emerging te...

This article runs an in-depth examination of documentation, representation and conservation praxis Architectural Heritage in the field applied academic research. The focus is put on technological advances digital documentation to Cultural Heritage. architectural survey one first actions taken knowledge process asset and, as such, it becomes essential for subsequent conservation, restoration man...