One of the most common chromosomal deletions is a loss of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. Most individuals with this condition exhibit mental retardation (68%), yet previous attempts to link cognitive status to deletion size have not shown an association, possibly because cases with additional genetic abnormalities were included. We studied 46 participants ranging from 3 to...

Although previous studies have shown favorable results with early intensive behavioral treatment (EIBT) for children with autism, it remains important to replicate these findings, particularly in community settings. The authors conducted a 3-year prospective outcome study that compared 2 groups: (1) 21 children who received 35 to 40 hours per week of EIBT from a community agency that replicated...

objective: many behavioral problems are resulting from inappropriate parenting styles and inattention to behavioral-emotional difficulties in childhood. the purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between parenting styles and dimensions of children's maladaptive behaviors. methods: 120 six-year old boys, who were enrolled in the first grade of elementary school, were selec...

BACKGROUND In the last few years, the results of different studies have confirmed, in different ways, the importance of early intervention for autism. This study aims to evaluate the role of early "as usual" interventions in the outcome of toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD Seventy children with ASD aged between 24 and 48 months were recruited at different centers ...

The interrelationship between behavior problems, adaptive behavior and academic achievement was studied in children with IQ’s between 60 and 70. The objective was to increase the insight into the contribution of adaptive behavior and general and autistic behavior problems to academic achievement in children with mental retardation. Children from two levels of education were compared on adaptive...

Adaptive behaviour (everyday skills in social and practical domains; AAMR, 2002) is vital to the understanding of individuals with developmental disorders, including autism. Several measures of adaptive functioning are available and deciding among them can be difficult for clinicians. Conceptually, there is overlap between adaptive behaviour and other constructs included in assessments of indiv...

BACKGROUND Studies on autism have tended to focus either on those with intellectual disability (ie, those with intellectual quotient [IQ] under 70) or on the group that is referred to as "high-functioning", that is, those with borderline, average or above average IQ. The literature on cognition and daily functioning in autism spectrum disorder combined specifically with borderline intellectual ...

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) data were examined in a large sample of young children with ASD (n = 290) of varying cognitive levels. IQ was higher than VABS composite score among high functioning children only; the opposite pattern was found in lower IQ subgroups. Profile analysis of VABS domains across cognitive levels demonstrated different profiles in different subgroups. A charac...

OBJECTIVE In fragile X syndrome (FXS), it is hypothesized that absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) disrupts regulation of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR and mGluR5)-dependent translation in dendrites. Lithium reduces mGluR-activated translation and reverses phenotypes in the dfxr mutant fly and fmr1 knockout mouse. This pilot add-on trial was conducted to ...