Cell-free protein-synthesizing systems that initiate on endogenous messenger RNA have been developed from uninfected and poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. Poliovirus double-stranded RNA is an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in these extracts, and both cell-directed and virus-specific protein synthesis are equally sensitive to the inhibitory action of double-stranded RNA. The concentratio...

In doubly infected HeLa cells, poliovirus type 1 rapidly and completely dominates vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque-forming unit production. Poliovirus type 1 shuts off incorporation of amino acids into VSV-specific proteins within 2 hr after superinfection of cells already committed to massive synthesis of VSV proteins. However, poliovirus type 1 appears to have little, if any, direct ef...

Different isoforms of the genes involved in phototransduction are expressed in vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors, providing a unique example of parallel evolution via gene duplication. In this study, we determine the molecular phylogeny of the proteins underlying the shut-off steps of phototransduction in the agnathan and jawed vertebrate lineages. For the G-protein receptor kinases (GRKs)...

A hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking aqueous solutions of sulfonated polyacrylamide/chromium triacetate for use in water shut off operations. Gel swelling and the effects of salinity, injection time and flow rate on residual resistance factor (Frr) were investigated. In the presence of electrolytes, gel swelling decreased by about 80%. Results showed that oil permeability increased as inject...

Parvoviruses elaborate rugged nonenveloped icosahedral capsids of approximately 260 A in diameter that comprise just 60 copies of a common core structural polypeptide. While serving as exceptionally durable shells, capable of protecting the single-stranded DNA genome from environmental extremes, the capsid also undergoes sequential conformational changes that allow it to translocate the genome ...

Successful generation of virions from infected cells is a complex process requiring orchestrated regulation of host and viral genes. Cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) undergo a dramatic reorganization of membrane organelles resulting in the formation of the virion assembly compartment, a process that is not fully understood. Here we show that acidification of vacuoles by the cell...

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. The immune system of the human body serves as both an enemy and an ally. It is an ally when it constantly fights off attacks from several types of microbes. However, it is an enemy when it attacks a life-saving heart transplant or mistakenly eats away the tissues of the body (Marx, 1990). It is the job of the immune system to ke...

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is an acute to chronic viral disease of salmonids that causes serious economic problems in rainbow trout cultured in several European countries. Although this disease has not been detected in North America, it is included here as a disease of significant concern. The disease was first recognized by Schaeperclaus in Germany in 1938. In 1949, the disease was nam...

The identification of host factors involved in virus replication is important to understand virus life cycles better. Accordingly, we sought host factors that interact with the influenza viral nonstructural protein 2 by using coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Among proteins associating with nonstructural protein 2, we focused on the β subunit of the F1Fo-ATPase, which receive...