نتایج جستجو برای: visual pollution

تعداد نتایج: 428708  

Journal: :Environmental Health 2004
Paul R Hunter Karen Bickerstaff Maria A Davies

BACKGROUND In a previous study it has been shown that mean population perception of air pollution correlates well with physical measures of actual air pollution and could be used as a measure of exposure to air pollution, at least for those forms of pollution perceptible to humans. However, for such a measure to be valid researchers would need to be confident that it was not strongly biased by ...

Journal: :Annual review of public health 2013
Kirk R Smith Howard Frumkin Kalpana Balakrishnan Colin D Butler Zoë A Chafe Ian Fairlie Patrick Kinney Tord Kjellstrom Denise L Mauzerall Thomas E McKone Anthony J McMichael Mycle Schneider

Energy use is central to human society and provides many health benefits. But each source of energy entails some health risks. This article reviews the health impacts of each major source of energy, focusing on those with major implications for the burden of disease globally. The biggest health impacts accrue to the harvesting and burning of solid fuels, coal and biomass, mainly in the form of ...

Journal: :Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita 2016
Daniela Marsili

Cross-disciplinary approaches to Global Environmental Health are essential to address environmental health threats within and beyond national boundaries, taking into account the links among health, environment and socio-economic development. The aim of this study is to present a cross-disciplinary approach where knowledge and findings from environmental epidemiology and social research are inte...

Journal: :Annual review of public health 2004
Alexander E Farrell Lester B Lave

Emission trading policies are increasingly important in environmental protection, especially in controlling air pollution in the United States. Their popularity results in part from the limitations and frustrations of centralized command and control regulation. Well-designed emission trading programs can achieve the same or better environmental and health outcomes as command and control regulat...

2005
MIKYOUNG JUN Eckhart Hall

New statistical procedures to evaluate the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) using observed data are introduced. Certain space-time correlations are used to assess dynamic aspects of CMAQ and to compare the space-time structure of CMAQ to that of observations. Our analyses show that, overall, CMAQ matches the space-time correlation structure of observed sulfate concentrations wel...

2018
V M van Zoest A Stein G Hoek

Low-cost urban air quality sensor networks are increasingly used to study the spatio-temporal variability in air pollutant concentrations. Recently installed low-cost urban sensors, however, are more prone to result in erroneous data than conventional monitors, e.g., leading to outliers. Commonly applied outlier detection methods are unsuitable for air pollutant measurements that have large spa...

Journal: :International journal of occupational and environmental health 2005
Claudia Galassi Annibale Biggeri Giovannino Ciccone Francesco Forastiere

To estimate the prevalence of respiratory disorders in children, and to investigate the roles of potential environmental risk factors, including exposure to outdoor air pollution, a large multicenter, population based survey (SIDRIA) was conducted in Italy in 1994-1995. The study enrolled more than 40,000 children. Results allowed international comparisons of the prevalences of asthma and aller...

2015
Laura Ghirardi Giulia Bisoffi Rina Mirandola Giorgio Ricci Michela Baccini Jeffrey Shaman

INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggest that heat is associated with an increase in the number of ambulance calls and emergency department visits. We investigated the association between heat and daily number of emergency department visits at the University Hospital of Verona during the warm seasons 2011-2012 and we assessed the magnitude of the impact in terms of attributable events, focusing on t...

2013
Krishnan Bhaskaran Antonio Gasparrini Shakoor Hajat Liam Smeeth Ben Armstrong

Time series regression studies have been widely used in environmental epidemiology, notably in investigating the short-term associations between exposures such as air pollution, weather variables or pollen, and health outcomes such as mortality, myocardial infarction or disease-specific hospital admissions. Typically, for both exposure and outcome, data are available at regular time intervals (...

Journal: :American journal of epidemiology 2012
Elizabeth Mostofsky Joel Schwartz Brent A Coull Petros Koutrakis Gregory A Wellenius Helen H Suh Diane R Gold Murray A Mittleman

There is increasing interest in evaluating the association between specific fine-particle (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm; PM2.5) constituents and adverse health outcomes rather than focusing solely on the impact of total PM2.5. Because PM2.5 may be related to both constituent concentration and health outcomes, constituents that are more strongly correlated with PM2.5 may...

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