Growing axons are directed by an extracellular electric field in a process known as galvanotropism. The electric field is a predominant guidance cue directing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to the future optic disc during embryonic development. Specifically, the axons of newborn RGCs grow along the extracellular voltage gradient that exists endogenously in the embryonic retina (Yamashita, 20...

In many cases the electric field is the gradient of a potential. In those cases a measured voltage is completely determined by the points connected to the measuring device. But if the curl of the electric field vector is non-vanishing (i.e. the magnetic field is time-dependent), a measured voltage may depend on the topology of the circuit. This effect was discussed in articles by Romer (1982), ...

Abstract. We model an electrified droplet spreading a solid surface. The model aims to seek a drop shape minimizing its total energy (capillary, electrostatic and gravitational). We derive the equations and the shape gradient, then detail the shape optimization algorithm and present some numerical results. Up to a critical applied voltage value, the computed angles fit the predictions of Lippma...

The thermodynamics of irreversible processes in continuous media predicts the existence of a magnetic Nernst effect that results from a magnetic analog to the Seebeck effect in a ferromagnet and magnetophoresis occurring in a paramagnetic electrode in contact with the ferromagnet. Thus, a voltage that has DC and AC components is expected across a Pt electrode as a response to the inhomogeneous ...

A thin superconducting wire (bridge) subjected to a voltage gradient is studied via the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau system under bridge geometry boundary conditions. Our numerical experiments reveal a rich array of phase slip center behavior, period-doubling, period-tripling and quasi-periodic solutions. We show that the parameter plane (L, V ), where 2L = wire length, V = voltage, is partit...

As the complexity of computing systems grows, reliability and energy are two crucial challenges that will demand holistic solutions. In this paper, we investigate the interplay among concurrency, power dissipation, energy consumption and voltage-frequency scaling for a key numerical kernel for the solution of sparse linear systems. Concretely, we leverage a task-parallel implementation of the C...

Partial discharge (PD) detection under oscillating switching impulse (OSI) voltage was performed on three types of insulation defects, including a protrusion on a conductor, a particle on an insulator surface, and a void in an insulator, which are three kinds of the common potential insulation hazards in gas insulated power apparatus. Experiment indicated that the PD sequences under OSI were co...

voltage stability may be improved by various control functions. in this paper, it is shown that how high side voltage control (hivc) may be employed for this purpose. two test systems, namely a 22- bus and ieee u8-bus systems are used to demonstrate the proposed tuning strategy for hsvc control parameters.