BACKGROUND This study compared three methods of estimating the daily dose of fluoxetine to nursing infants and the relationship between these estimates and infant serum concentrations. METHODS Breast milk and infant serum concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were obtained from 10 nursing mother-infant pairs. Quantification of daily infant dose was determined by three methods: 1) col...

Human milk is a complex secretion that is the sole ideal food for babies for at least the first 6 months of life. The amount and composition of the milk is largely independent of the mother's diet. The composition of the milk changes during lactogenesis II, and these changes can be used as biochemical markers of the onset of copious milk secretion. After 1 month of lactation, there are few furt...

Bovine fat is dispersed in raw milk as natural milk fat globules, with an average diameter of 4 microm, which are enveloped in a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). However, dairy processes modify the supramolecular structure and the surface composition of milk fat. Thus, milk fat is present in many dairy products under various forms. In this study, we focused on the fact...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding pelletized broccoli byproducts (PBB) on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. In Trial 1, an in vitro gas test determined the optimal replacement level of PBB in a concentrate mixture in a mixed substrate with Chinese wild ryegrass hay (50:50, w/w) at levels of 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% (dry matter basis). When t...

The effect of ultrafiltration and diafiltration on the distribution of the calcium phosphate clusters of the casein micelle was investigated using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). In the case of ultrafiltration, fresh skim milk was subjected to concentration using membrane filtration up to 5× its original volume, the retentate was rediluted with its corresponding serum and subsequently di...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preterm birth relates to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Understanding whether preterm postnatal life is a tractable period of cardiovascular development that can be positively altered by nutrition is relevant to long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that being fed human breast milk during early postnatal life is beneficial to long-term cardiac ...

BACKGROUND The relation between infant feeding and growth has been extensively evaluated, but studies examining the volume of formula milk consumption on infant growth are limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of early feeding of larger volumes of formula on growth and risk of overweight in later infancy. METHODS In total, 1093 infants were studied prospectively. Milk records colle...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible affect of socio-economic class on the degree of acceptability and consumption of milk in children. this study was conducted on 9204 children who were chosen from two different socio-economic classes: high (groul1 1) and low (group. 2) in tehran. samples were aged betweea1 five to eighteen years, and divided into six age categories. the r...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of milk and fluoridated milk on bacterially induced caries-like lesions. SAMPLE AND METHODS Extracted impacted human molars were cut in half and covered with a varnish leaving a 4*4 mm window. The samples were coated with biofilm of S. sobrinus and were further divided into three experimental groups of S. sobrinus, S. sobrinus...

extract   until recent years pharmacological researches focused on pathogeneses and abnormality in organogenesis but now researchers are studying drugs physiological disorders in pregnancy. these studies are specially focused on mothers and fetus, regulatory mechanism of passing drugs through placenta and movement of drug' materials between barriers of milk and blood in the breast. also th...